抗震

Our country is located in the Pacific Ocean , the Asia earthquake zone , geologicstructure is complicated, is that a earthquake sends out the country muchly.

另外，国内一些已建的建筑结构，结构存在一些薄弱环节或总体上抗震能力不足，如何最佳的对这些已建的建筑结构实现抗震加固，保证它们满足现今的抗震设计要求，也是一个有待解决的问题。

Use concrete framed structure system to must carry out aseismatic design if sending out a field muchly in the earthquake,this the area time, designing for middle school teaching building , being located in Shanghai, the anti-knock grade of building building is three-level , seismic resistance fortifies intensity is 7 degree.

如在地震多发地，使用混凝土框架结构体系必须进行抗震设计，本次设计为中学教学楼，位于上海地区，房屋建筑抗震等级为三级，抗震设防烈度是7度。

Steel moment-resisting frames with welded beam-to-column connection were traditionally regarded as having excellent performance, and widely adopted in steel constructions, but this opinion changed after the 1994 Northrige earthquake and the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake. These earthquakes also arouse engineers to resurvey the behavior of end-plate connections. It is well known that end-plate connections have definite flexibility, which can increase damp, prolong period, and decease swing of structure. So it can reduce the damage, and is one of the best choices for resisting earthquake.

中文题名钢框架梁柱端板连接在循环荷载作用下的破坏机理及抗震设计对策副题名外文题名 Collapse mechanism and design criterion of steel beam-to-column end-plate connections under cyclic load 论文作者郭兵导师顾强学科专业结构工程研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位西安建筑科技大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数127页关键词钢结构框架结构抗震设计钢框架梁柱端板连接馆藏号BSLW /2003 /TU392 /6 传统观点认为，梁柱焊接刚性连接具有较好的抗震性能，因此在工程中得到了广泛地应用，但1994年的Northrige地震和1995年的阪神地震改变了这种传统观点，这两次地震也引起了工程技术人员对端板连接的再审视。

The announcement emphasizes, new release " construction project is aseismatic fortify classifies a standard " and " build aseismatic design standard "(the following abbreviation " new standard ") to assuring to build project mass, directive disaster area restores to rebuild, raise our country to build a project aseismatic fortify ability, safety of property of life of tutelar the people's livelihood has important sense.

通知强调，新发布的《建筑工程抗震设防分类标准》和《建筑抗震设计规范》对保证建筑工程质量，指导灾区恢复重建，提高我国建筑工程抗震设防能力，保护人民生命财产平安具有重要意义。

Based on the characteristics mentioned above, according to three level security principle, the antiseismic performance of this bridge is also evaluated with these methods.

根据&三水准&设防原则，分析评价了该桥的综合抗震性能，为该桥的建设和抗震设计提供了参考，也为进一步研究该类桥型的抗震性能提供了分析基础。

The paper summarizes the earthquake damage, the characteristics of earthquake response and the antiseismic analysis method on underground structure. several methods of anti-seismic research of culvert structure are listed, and are simply compared between. finally, the methods that different design methods should be select at different design stage are suggested.

现针对受地震影响较大的浅埋涵管结构，概述了涵管结构的震害、地震反应特点、抗震分析方法，然后从地下结构的众多抗震分析实用方法中，列出了几种适合浅埋涵管结构抗震分析的实用方法，并对几种方法进行简单的分析比较，提出在不同的设计阶段应该采用不同的设计方法。

The paper summarizes the earthquake damage, the characteristics of earthquake response and the antiseismic analysis method on underground structure. Several methods of anti-seismic research of culvert structure are listed, and are simply compared between. Finally, the methods that different design methods should be select at different design stage are suggested.

本文针对受地震影响较大的浅埋涵管结构，概述了涵管结构的震害、地震反应特点、抗震分析方法，然后从地下结构的众多抗震分析实用方法中，列出了几种适合浅埋涵管结构抗震分析的实用方法，并对几种方法进行简单的分析比较，提出在不同的设计阶段应该采用不同的设计方法。

The seismic response of beam string structures is a very complicated course,aseismic question puzzleshuman being for a long,in once and once seismic,what seismic take damnify and casualty for human makes human seismic consciousness larger anf larger,so the seismic question of the structures have been refered to a new time.

张弦梁结构的地震反应是一个非常复杂的过程，抗震问题一直以来困扰着人类，在一次又一次的震害中，地震所造成的伤亡和损失使人们的抗震意识越来越强，固结构的抗震问题已经被提到了一个新的日程。

Many structural deficiencies and mistakes were highlighted, which including excessive horizontal displacement in the ground, more severe damaged transition layer (the first masonry structure layer), ground with farraginous structure, and poor construction quality. Finally, lateral stiffness ratio of the second to ground story in masonry buildings with RC frame structure at the bottom will be optimized following difference of materials between the ground floor and the upper floors. The strength and the ductility of transition layer, as well as shear walls in the ground floor, are crucial to keep the building standing during large earthquake.

在介绍和总结了汶川地震中底框砖房的表现―底层过大的水平侧移、过渡层严重破坏或完全坍塌、底层严重破坏或房屋完全倒塌、上部砌体整体发生侧移、以及设计一和施工质量良好的底层抗震墙砖房&大震不倒&的基础上，得出以下结论和建议：在抗震设防地区应禁止使用部分底框砖房，地震中过渡层的实际受力情况与设计所采用的受力状态有明显的区别，规范应考虑砌体和钢筋混凝土材料的不同力学性质来制定上下层刚度比要求，明确对过渡层的延性和强度要求，明确该类结构抗震概念设计的具体措施。

On the basis of summarizing the R-μ-T relation and overstrength effect in seismic design of RC structures, the different methods of "capacity design" measures in Chinese code and several influential foreign codes are compared, then problems existing in the seismic design of Chinese RC frame structures is put forward.

3在总结R-μ-T关系和结构超强效应研究成果的基础上，对比分析了我国建筑抗震设计规范及国外有影响的几本抗震规范&能力设计&的实施方案，提出了我国规范在对钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震设计思路中存在的理论上的不合理之处。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。