抗辩

The cutting off and restraining systems of it are the main security mechanisms of abstractedly more restraint to defense, stronger appliance of the abstraction.

依大陆法系通例，票据抗辩限制主要有对出票人的抗辩限制和对持票人前手的抗辩限制。而恶意抗辩和无对价抗辩是抗辩限制的例外。

This paper makes an analysis into the significance of jurisdiction over arbitration, the counterplea and its adjudication, and the conflict between the tribunal and the court and its coordination.

文章就仲裁管辖权的意义、抗辩、抗辩的裁决方式、抗辩的确认以及仲裁管辖权与法院管辖权的冲突与协调等问题试作分析探讨。

Put forward to hope, the bill counterplea of our country is abounded ceaselessly theoretically and develop, the contradictory system that makes our country is ceaseless and perfect, make bill counterplea system produces effect in market economy.

并提出希望，我国的票据抗辩理论不断丰富和发展，促使我国的抗辩制度不断完善，使票据抗辩制度在市场经济中发挥功能。

This new theory shows news orientation of counterplea theory of negotiable instrument for its understanding of counterplea of negotiable instrument and perfect in such theory. But,there are defects in this new theory. Therefore,i...

新抗辩理论体现了对票据抗辩的正当性认识，使抗辩理论有所完善，显示了抗辩理论的发展方向，但是新抗辩理论自身仍存在一定的局限，因此，应辩证地看待这种新抗辩理论。

Be opposite bill counterplea is comprehensive and discuss systematically and on analyses foundation, what through bill contradictory characteristic compared the counterplea of bill and civil code counterplea is different.

在对票据抗辩全面而又系统地论述以及分析得的基础上，通过票据抗辩的特征比较了票据之抗辩和民法抗辩的不同。

New counterplea theory arose in Germany is based on extenor rights theory, and re-cate-gorize counterplea of negotiable instrument. Apart from traditional counterplea in rem and counterplea inpersonam, a new independent type of counterplea, counterplea of effectiveness,is recognized.

在德国兴起的新抗辩理论以权利外观理论为基准，对票据抗辩重新进行分类，即在从前的物的抗辩和人的抗辩之外，再承认一种独立类型的抗辩—有效性抗辩。

New counterplea theory arose in Germany is based on exterior rights theory,and re-categorize counterplea of negotiable instrument. Apart from traditional counterplea in rem and counterplea in personam,a new independent type of counterplea,counterplea of effectiveness,is recognized.

在德国兴起的新抗辩理论以权利外观理论为基准，对票据抗辩重新进行分类，即在从前的物的抗辩和人的抗辩之外，再承认一种独立类型的抗辩——有效性抗辩。

Based on the time order, the present thesis studies on patent management and injunctive relief at the beginning of litigation that the defendant needs to notice, as well as everything that should be noticed in counterplea method during litigation. Besides, the present thesis divides the counterplea method into counterplea reasons based on the patent law and the antitrust law.

本文行文以时间为区分点，研究被告於平日应注意之专利管理、诉讼初期的定暂时状态假处分攻防，以及诉讼中的抗辩方法所应注意之事项，其中将诉讼中的抗辩方法区分为专利法上的抗辩事由以及竞争法上的抗辩事由。

In the Civil Law Family,the collateral guarantor'srights of defense mainly are related to the invalidity of the underlying contract,the revocability of the underlying contract,the right of offset,the concurrentconditions,"Einrede der Unsicherkei",the invalidity of the guarantee contract.the period of validity,the special terms of immunity from the guarantor's liabilityand beneficiam excussionis.Under the case law of the Common Law Family,thesituations in which the collateral guarantor can claim the rights of defense mainlyinclude the situation of non-fulfillment of the guarantee condition,the situationrelated to the extent of guarantor's liability,the situation under which the creditordidn't perform his obligations,the situation related to the appropriation ofpayments,the situations related to fulfillment of purpose of guarantee,thesituation related to the creditor's laches,the situation related to the loss ofsecurities held by the creditor,the situation related to the discharge of theprincipal debtor,the situation related to the creditor connivance in the default ofthe principal,the situation related to the discharge arising by operation of law andthe situation related to the fiduciary duty.

大陆法系中，从属保证人对债权人的抗辩权主要有：主债务无效抗辩权、主债务可撤销抗辩权、抵销抗辩权、同时履行抗辩权、不安抗辩权、保证合同无效抗辩权、保证期间抗辩权、特殊免责抗辩权以及先诉抗辩权等；根据英美法系国家的判例法，从属保证人能够主张抗辩权的情形主要有：保证责任条件不成就的抗辩、关于保证责任范围的抗辩、债权人不履行义务的抗辩、关于债务清偿分配的抗辩、保证目的已实现的抗辩、关于债权人懈怠的抗辩、关于债权人享有的担保权益丧失的抗辩、债务人的债务免除抗辩、债权人对债务人违约纵容的抗辩、法律适用导致保证责任解除的抗辩、就信托义务原则提出的抗辩。

A plea can be guilty , not guilty , or where permitted nolo contendere .

抗辩既可是无罪抗辩，也可是有罪抗辩或者既不抗辩也不承认有罪。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。