抗菌

Reaction of 24 Einkorn accessions to mixed inoculum of powdery mildew and stripe rust,and two T.urartu accessions UR204,UR206 and a T.monococcum accession MO205 were used for reaction to a set of 15 differential Blumeria graminis tritici isolates and 21 differential Puccinia striiformis isolates,respectively.Among them,UR206 was resistant to all 15 isolates,UR204 was resistant to 14 isolates except E11,and MO205 showed different resistant types.The results indicated that most likely UR206 and UR204 carried new powdery mildew resistance genes that were different from 18 known Pm genes and MO205 carried new stripe rust gene that were different from 24 known Yr genes.

本研究对24份一粒小麦分别进行了白粉病和条锈病混合菌种苗期接种鉴定，进一步分别用一套白粉病菌菌株(15个)对2份乌拉尔图小麦和条锈病菌小种(21个)对1份栽培一粒小麦进行接种鉴定，其中乌拉尔图小麦UR206能抵抗所有供试白粉菌菌株，UR204除对白粉菌菌株E11感病外，对其余菌株表现抗性；栽培一粒小麦MO205对不同条锈菌小种表现出不同的抗性反应，研究表明乌拉尔图小麦UR206、UR204和栽培一粒小麦MO205分别含有与已知抗白粉病和抗条锈病基因不同的新基因。

Theoptimal conditions were as follows: amidulin 1.25%,CaCO_3 0.05%, yeast0.6%,NaC1 0.7%,KH2PO4 0.3%. The stability of antagonistic substance produced by Q6 was studied. Theactivity of the inhibitive substance was influenced when time and temperaturewaxing. In 100℃for 30 minutes,the inhibitive zone diminished distinctly, but thesubstance still had inhibitive effect on the pathgen. In pH 3.0～above 9.5 forovernight or treated by Proteinase K, the inhibitive zone is not changed.

对其拮抗物质进行了温度、酸碱度和酶三个方面的稳定性试验，当温度达到55℃以上时，随着温度和时间的变大，抑菌圈逐渐变小，但直到100℃，30min时，对病原菌的生长仍有抑制作用；pH3.0～9.5以上静置过夜后，拮抗物质对病原指示菌产生的抑菌圈几乎没有发生变化；经过蛋白酶K处理后，拮抗物质对病原指示菌产生的抑菌圈不变。

Six experimental stages were designed in our procedure, those are:(1) metabolite recovery and tested sample preparation: the metabolites were recovered by Amberlite XAD-2 absorption, followed by MeOH elution and solvent concentration;(2) antioxidant detection and strain selection: samples were quantitatively analyzed by the inhibition effects on formation of lipid peroxides and TBARS to screen the strains able to produce antioxidants. According to the established screening methods, we chose out a strain of actinomycetes, designed as AMBL-029C;(3) antioxidant purification: the fermentation broth was recovered by a series of separation techniques including centrifugation, Amberlite XAD-2 absorption, followed by MeOH elution and a successive TLC purification. The resulting primary purified compound [temperately designed as AMBL-029C-TS] was further analyzed by HPLC to monitor its purity;(4) physical-chemical characteristics: judging from the acid-base fractionation experiments, and the pH and temperature stability tests, the compound was deduced to be a acidic compound with the properties of low polarity and highly pH and temperature stable;(5) mechanism of the antioxidant: in comparison with some other known antioxidants, TS was subjected to investigate its antioxidant mechanism, together with BHT,-tocopherol, as well as two streptomyces metabolites, homogentisic acid and -phenylpyruvic acid, which were previously isolated as the natural antioxidants in our laboratory.

针对本实验目的，我们设计了以下的实验步骤﹔（1）二次代谢物回收及检测样本处理：我们将发酵所得的培养上清液，利用疏水吸附性树酯Amberlite XAD-2吸附回收，并以甲醇溶离及真空减压浓缩脱水等方式处理，以取得提供抗氧化活性筛选之检测样本；（2）抗氧化活性检测及菌种筛选：以「过氧化脂质」和「硫丙二醯尿」的生成量进行定性定量分析以作为抗氧化物质生产菌筛选之用；经此筛选程序，我们选获了具有抗氧化物质高生产力的菌株，命名为AMBL-029C；（3）抗氧化物质的分离纯化：针对生产菌株的发酵回收处理液，以矽胶薄层色层分离法经物质层析纯化后，并以高效能液相层析法(High performance liquid chromatography；HPLC)分析物质可得一初级纯化物质，命名为AMBL-029C-TS；（4）抗氧化物质的物理化学性质分析：由酸碱转溶（acid-base fractionation）实验得知，此抗氧化物质属於中低极性的强酸性物质，对温度（37℃-100℃）及酸碱度（pH3.0-13.0）均表现出高稳定性；（5）在抗氧化机制探讨方面，我们针对数种不同的抗氧化机制进行探讨，即： 1。

objective to study the risk factors on esbl producing strains of k.pneumoniae and e.coli.methods aprospective survey on esbl producing strainsof k.pneumoniae and e.coli for a36-month period.results the resistance rates ofe.coli were:98.08%for ctx,73.08%for amc.the resistance rates of k.pneuˉmonialwere;95.74%for ctx,97.87%for amc.the use rate of third generation cephalosporins was much higher than those of esbls nonproducing strains（p.05）.it induce esbls that3rd generation cephalosporins were used extensive.after strenghtening the antibiotic controls,esbls detection rate has gone down.conclusion the factors of infection of esbl-producing strains were the severity diseases,cellular immunological condition,improper medical manipulations.to prevent esbl-producing strains,reasonable antibiotics usage may be the effective measure.

目的 分析临床大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌产esbls的危险因素，并加以控制。方法前瞻性监测产esbls菌的情况，并对感染者进行临床调查。结果产esbls的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率头孢噻肟钠为98.08%和95.74%，阿莫西林+棒酸为73.08%和97.87%，产esbls菌感染者头孢第三代的使用率（70.21%）显著高于非产esbls菌感染者（39.47%）（p.05）；第三代头孢的大量使用诱导esbls的产生。通过加强抗感染药物的使用管理esbls检出率开始下降。结论严重的基础病、高龄、机体免疫力低下，长期住院者是esbls菌感染的易感宿主，皮质激素、化疗及介入性疗法是esbls感染的高危因素。滥用抗感染药是产生esbls的重要因素，合理使用抗感染药是防止esbls产生的主要措施。

It possesses specific characters, such as heat-durability and broad-spectrum antibiotic, and has attracted great attention in its application and research.

近年来，随着有关抗菌肽作用机理及功能研究的深入，其在医药领域的应用越来越引起人们的关注。

Use: Contained elements of direct role in the epidermal basal cell and melanoma cell metabolism to promote and strengthen the fiber of protein synthesis, repair damage and improve skin elasticity, increased radiance of your skin, remove skin problems left traces and its natural characteristics, Centralized management of abnormal skin, apply to the rehabilitation of damaged skin and nutrition supply.

抗菌肽，VC、VE，油酸、亚油酸、纤维素等。所含成分，可直接作用于表皮基低细胞，促进黑色素细胞新陈代谢，加强纤维蛋白质的合成，修复损伤，提高皮肤弹性，增加皮肤光泽度，清除皮肤问题留下的痕迹，并以其自然的特性，集中管理异常的皮肤组织，适用于受损皮肤的复原与营养供给。

This is basically due to the fact that it contains antimicrobial properties.

这基本上是由于这一事实，它包含的抗菌性能。

The applications of nano-silver in antimicrobial packaging, printing, and other fields were introduced.

简述了纳米银在抗菌包装、印刷等领域的应用。

Furniture antimicrobial technology is the development trend.

家具的抗菌化，是发展的趋势。

The reason for that is now understood: silver has antimicrobial properties.

其中的原因现在已经明白了：银具有抗菌作用。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。