抗病

This paper not only introduce mainly disserve, physiological races、filtrate resist disease data、mechanism of resist disease and pathological changes、prevention and cure synthetically and so on, but also advance some suggest of writer.

通过对1990~2000年这5种病害的危害情况、生理小种鉴定、抗病资源筛选、品种抗病机制及病菌致病机制、综合防治等方面研究进展的综述，笔者从宏观角度提出了一些建议性的观点。

One disease resistance segregating population 3B789, derived from "EM85/Torfrida//Wen6/3/3*Jing411/4/Nongdal89", was selected for SSR analysis using BSA approach. An EST-SSR marker Xcau33 was found to be co-segregated with the resistance gene Pm4b in a 231 plants population and could be used for marker-assisted selection of both Pm4a and Pm4b locus.Forty accessions of wild emmer T. turgidum var.

利用一个来自杂交组合"EM85/Torfrida∥温6/3/3~*京411/4/农大189"的抗病分离群体3B789，通过BSA法建立SSR标记，发现在分离群体3B789的231个单株中，EST-SSR标记Xcau33与抗病基因Pm4b表现共分离，能够在辅助选择Pm4a和Pm4b基因的育种工作中应用。

It can cause heavy losses of tomato production and friuts' quality. According to the researches of internal and external country, This review summarized the main symptoms of Fulvia fulva of tomato caused by cladosporium fulvum , the biological properties, including to form character, temperature and humidity of mycelium and spore, the outbreak of the disease, regularity of epidemic, race differentiation of different area, Maofen 802,Shuangkan 2No.should be chosen. In resisting disease ,mode of action, gene clone,gene structure,gene function and control methods of the disease.

根据国内外关于番茄叶霉病的研究情况，综述了番茄叶霉病的发病症状；病原菌的生物学特性，包括病菌的形态特征以及适宜菌丝和孢子的生长温度（20~25℃）以及湿度（85%以上）等条件；病害的发生条件和流行规律；不同地区病菌生理小种的分化情况；生产上应选用毛粉802、双抗2号等抗病品种；番茄与病菌之间的作用机制；番茄Cf及ECP等抗病基因的克隆、结构和功能及病害防治等方面的研究情况。

In the study, 58 cotton cultivars with resistance to Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt which come from different years and provinces .

我国从20世纪50年代开展棉花抗病育种工作以来，已经育成了大量的抗病品种。

By means of mutation and heterokaryosis,development of new virulent variety was the main cause of breakdown of resistance in wheat leaf rust.

国内外的经验证明，应用抗病品种和提高小麦品种的抗病性，是防治小麦病害的最基本和最重要途径。

The resistance level of hybrids was closely related with the resistant level of the parents.In the field the resistance in seedling was highest and lowest in tasselling stage,that means the plant resistance level was dropped when the plant grow up.

杂交种的抗病性与双亲的抗病性有密切关系；玉米杂交种苗期较抗病，抽丝期极为感病，这表明杂交种抗性随植株生长而递减。

In Ya'an, six QTL conferring Fusarium moniliforme ear rot resistance on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 were detected and explained 8.3%-25.7% of the phenotypic variance; while in Mianyang, four QTL were identified on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, and 9 that accounted for 11.3%-26.4% of the total phenotypic variance.

用已构建的包括88个AFLP标记和151个SSR标记的遗传图谱和230个F2植株用于抗病QTL定位研究，在四川雅安、绵阳对F2株系进行抗病性鉴定，采用复合区间定位法进行抗病QTL检测。

In addition, a number of BC1F1 and BC2F1 plants carrying one of the three resistant genes were obtained using Jinshan B-1 and Jinshan S-1 as recurrent parents.4. Our study showed that it is feasible to use the method of marker-assisted backcross to breed new disease resistant varieties during the process of pedigree breeding, and the speed of breeding new CMS line can be accelerated.

此外，还获得了一批以金山B一1和金山S一1为受体亲本，分别导入这3个抗病基因的BCIFI和BCZFI代个体。4、证明在系谱法选育保持系的同时，利用标记辅助回交进行抗病性改良是可行的，能加快抗病不育系选育的速度。

Three wheat spindle streak mosaic viruses resistant cultivars ('Yining Xiaomai', 'Xu87-633', and 'Xifeng') and one susceptible cultivar ('Zhen9523') were used as parents of 3 crosses in this experiment. WSSMV resistance of the parents, F1, and F2 was evaluated under field condition.

选用3个抗梭条花叶病的小麦品种&仪宁小麦&、&徐87-633&和&西风&为抗病亲本、以感病品种&镇9523&为感病亲本配制了三个杂交组合，对四个亲本及其杂种后代（F1及F2代）单株的田间抗病鉴定表明，三个抗病亲本的抗性均由核基因控制，为显性遗传方式。

The variety disease resistance was related to the structures of the plant leaves.The disease resistant varieties were with less stomatas and thicker wax layer.

品种的抗病性与其叶片的结构有关，气孔数目多且蜡质层薄的品种抗病性较差，气孔数目少且蜡质层厚的品种抗病性较强。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。