抗溶菌的

Under optimal conditions mixtures containing eight inorganic anions, six amino acids such as arginine, histidine, cysteine, methionine, tryptophan and proline with positive or negative charge and four basic proteins such as lysozyme, cytochrome c,α-chymotrypsinogen A and myoglobin were separated completely.

经优化，用中等浓度的中性缓冲液分别成功地分离了八种不同的阴离子Br〓、NO〓、NO〓、SCN〓、MoO〓、BrO〓、WO〓和IO〓；六种带不同电荷的氨基酸如精氨酸、组氨酸、半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、色氨酸和脯氨酸；四种碱性蛋白质如溶菌酶、细胞色素c、抗凝乳蛋白酶原A和肌球蛋白。

Recent years,it is a highlight that other un-known biological function beyond the lysozyme antibiotic function.

有关溶菌酶抗菌功能以外的其它未知生物学作用，也是当前研究的热点。

In the current study, a series of cationic α-helical peptides of 20 a.a. were designed and synthesized based on four structural parameters, including charge, polar angle, hydrophobicity, and hydrophobic moment. Several methods were performed to describe the influence of these parameters on the antimicrobial and hemolytic activity, and on the permeabilizing effect on model membranes. The potential of these parameters to increase the antibacterial activity and to improve the prokaryotic selectivity is assessed.

本实验利用自行设计合成的人工抗菌胜肽当模型，固定长度为 20 个胺基酸，改变其电荷、极性角度、疏水性及疏水性矩等四种结构特性，并利用其对各种不同病原菌之抗菌活性及对兔子红血球细胞的溶血活性来研究其结构特性的改变对其抗菌活性、选择性及微脂体膜的渗透性之影响，以期望改变结构参数能增加抗菌活性及对原核的选择性。

For a peptide to act as part of the host defense system or to be of pharmaceutical interest, high antimicrobial activity must be combined by low hemolytic activity. Our results indicated that the antimicrobial activity increased with increasing charge and polar angle, with charge of ＋4 and polar angle of 140° exhibiting the highest antibacterial and membrane permeabilizing activity. Higher hydrophobicity and hydrophobic moment correlated with increased hemolytic activity, thus decreasing selectivity dramatically.

胜肽要扮演宿主免疫机制的一部分或要成为新型态的抗生素不仅要有强大的抗菌活性还需要有高度的选择性，由本实验的结果发现，当抗菌胜肽的正电荷及极性角度增加时，胜肽之抗菌活性会随之增加，当抗菌胜肽的电荷为＋4而极性角度为 140°时，胜肽有最强之抗菌能力及膜渗透活性；而随著胜肽疏水性以及疏水性矩的增加，会增加溶血活性，结果反而降低了抗菌胜肽的选择性。

Through researching the mechanism of biological nitrification and denitrification and actual project application of the technology and related literature materials, the obtained results are as follows:(1) Anoxybiosis is effective to the removal of COD; after the anoxic process, BOD/COD of the outflow increases, it shows that the degradation ability of wastewater is improved; anoxybiosis is insensitive when shock loading of inflow wastewater varies greatly;(2) It is demonstrated by the operation of inoculation and cultivating that biofilm takes two weeks to succeed in cultivating on packings and the removal ratios of NH3-N and COD get 50% and 70% respectively, when gas-water ratio is 6:1, HRT is 7.3 hour, water temperature is above 15°C;(3) It is demonstrated that gas-water ratio, hydraulic loading, HRT, temperature, pH etc are important factors which influence the removal effect of pollutants, when the gas-water ratio is 6:1, hydraulic loading is about 0.38kgNH3-N/m~3.d, water temperature ranges from 15°C to 27°C, pH ranges from 7.5 to 8.0, the BIOFOR removal effect of pollutants is the best;(4) The operation indicated that, this technology has strong ability of nitrification and denitrification; it has extremely vital significance for reducing the water body eutrophication;(5) It is confirmed the feasibility and the usability of preanoxic-BIOFOR process to treat L-lactic acid production wastewater. The experiment indicated that the treatment effect of this technology is very good and also shows that the technology has many advantages, such as small volume, high treatment efficiency, good effluent quality and strong endurance to load variation, this technology is a new and economical wastewater treatment process.

通过对生物脱氮机理的研究和该组合技术的实际工程应用，并结合有关文献资料，取得如下结论：(1)预缺氧池对L-乳酸生产废水中的COD去除具有一定的效果；废水中难降解的高分子物质经过缺氧工段分解为易于氧化降解的物质，浮状有机物在水解菌的作用下，将不溶性有机物水解为溶解性物质；预缺氧池具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力；(2)BIOFOR接种挂膜过程表明：HRT为7.3h、气水比为6：1、水温保持在15℃以上，经过半个月生物膜即以形成，NH_3-N和COD的去除率分别达到50％和70％左右；(3)研究表明：气水比、水力负荷、HRT、温度、pH等是影响污染物去除效率的重要因素，在气水比为6：1，NH_3-N容积负荷为0.38kgNH_3-N／m~3·d，温度在15℃-27℃，pH在7.5-8.0之间的条件下，BIOFOR对污染物的去除效率达到最佳；(4)运行表明，该组合技术具有较强的脱氮能力，对于减少水体富营养化具有十分重要的意义；(5)经过半年多实际工程的现场调试与运行，验证了利用预缺氧—BIOFOR组合工艺处理L—乳酸生产废水的可行性和实用性，得出该组合技术具有占地面积小，处理效果好，运行费用省，耐冲击负荷能力强等优点，是一项新型、经济的污水处理技术。

The blood samples were collected at day 1 before and after the caprine placenta peptide were given for 10 days, and the number of the white blood cell and the ANAE+ in periperal blood ,the content of the globulin, the activity of lysozyme, the T-Aoc ,the activity of the GSH-Px and SOD, and the content of the MDA in serum were determined .

在口服羊胎盘肽的前1d和连续口服羊胎盘肽10d后的第1d各组采血样一次，测定外周血白细胞数、ANAE+淋巴细胞百分率、血清球蛋白含量、血清溶菌酶活性、血清总抗氧化能力、血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、血清超氧化物歧化酶活性及丙二醛含量。

By using the assessment method of health care,the content of serum lysozyme,the thymus index,spleen index,the phagocytic function of the macrophage and the delayed type hypersensitivity were tested to analyse the immunoregulatory function of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide.

应用保健功能的评价方法，通过对血清溶菌酶含量、胸腺指数与脾指数、腹腔巨嗜细胞吞噬功能的测定以及迟发型超敏反应，来定性分析猴头菌丝多糖的免疫调节作用；通过对血清SOD、CAT、MDA含量的测定，来分析猴头菌丝多糖的抗氧化功能。

The oxidase system includes both membrane-bound and soluble cytosolic proteins. The primary feature of this enzyme is stimulus-dependent activation and which mechanism is the phosphorylation and translocation of a complex of cytosolic factors to the membrane, where they associate with a flavocytochrome enzyme.The fully assembled complex functions as an electron transport system,moving electrons from cytosolic NADPH to molecular oxygen to form superoxide anion（O2-）, which, along with subsequent reactive products called respiratory burst,exerts microbicidal and cytotoxic activities.

此氧化酶体系包括膜结合的和可溶的胞浆蛋白，其主要特征为依赖刺激而活化，机制为复合体的胞浆因子磷酸化并转位至膜，在这里与细胞色素酶相关联，组装完全的复合体在功能上作为一个电子转运体系，从胞浆NADPH转移电子给分子氧形成超氧阴离子（O2-），伴随着接下来的活性物质产生，也叫呼吸爆发，发挥抗菌和抗细胞毒素的活性。

When it was stimulated by the Pasteurella and E.

溶菌酶和抗菌肽的表达也出现了一定的升高。

Two outstanding fusants SR-7 and SR-T19 were chose out in the fusion group 90-11×FR-008, the former produces not only antibiotics the parents produced but also a new antibiotic effective gainst a wide range of both gram positive and negative bacteria, which the parents could not produce, and its product of the 37℃ fermentation was very effective against the cotton seedling damping off caused by Rhizoctonia sonali while product of the 26℃ was effective agaist the bacterial rots of turnip and Chinese cabbage; the latter have a much stronger activity against a wide range of fungi and yeasts than the parents.

在90-11×FR-008融合组合中，筛选获得2个优良融合子SR-7和SR-T19，前者除产生亲本产生的抗生素外，还产生亲本不产生的一种新的具有广谱抗细菌活性的碱性水溶性抗生素，防病试验表明，其37℃发酵产物对棉花苗期立枯病具有良好的防治效果，28℃发酵产物对萝卜和大白菜具有明显的防腐作用；后者与亲本FR-008的抗菌谱完全一致，但其活性强度都超过了FR-008；采用RAPD分子标记技术检测了SR-7和SR-T19与亲本的同源性及彼此间的差异，从而首次直接从DNA分子水平上验证了链霉菌的原生质体融合子及其遗传重组的多样性。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失