抗原

Restrictive changes of TCR Vp repertoire and clonal expanded T cells could be found in peripheral blood T cells from patients with T-ALL. However, the clonal expanded T cells' property (clonal expansion leukemic cells or leukemia antigen-specific expansion T cells) should be further characterized. It may play a certain role on detection of minimal residual disease and design of anti-leukemia idiotypic vaccine. The dominant utilization of TCR VjJ repertoire could be found in peripheral blood T cells from patients with B-ALL, meanwhile clonal expansive T cells were existed. It may be a feature of the host immune response for leukemia-associated antigen. The clonal expansive tendency of T cells in V021 and VP23 subfamilies was rather obvious, which may be correlated with certain malignant B-cell clone. The CDR3 sequences of monoclonal expansive T cell in T cell strains were different, which was the base of developing DNA vaccine.

T-ALL患者外周血T细胞的TCR Vβ谱系出现限制性改变，均可检测到克隆性增殖T细胞，尚需进一步鉴定其性质(肿瘤性或抗原特异性增殖)，对于研究微小残留病变检测和设计抗白血病独特型疫苗均有一定的意义。B-ALL病人外周血T细胞的TCR Vβ谱系呈现优势利用的特点，并存在克隆性增殖的T细胞，这可能是机体对白血病相关抗原产生的特异性免疫反应；Vβ21和Vβ23亚家族T细胞发生克隆增殖改变的趋向性比较明显，可能与B-ALL相关抗原刺激有关。T细胞株中检测到的肿瘤克隆其CDR3序列具有高度的特异性，是构建DNA疫苗的基础。

Covers cells and tissues of the immune system, lymphocyte development, the structure and function of antigen receptors, the cell biology of antigen processing and presentation including molecular structure and assembly of MHC molecules, the biology of cytokines, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated diseases.

课程涵盖免疫系统的细胞和组织，淋巴球的发育过程，抗原受体的结构和功能，抗原反应过程的细胞生物学以及抗原的呈现，其中包括MHC分子的结构与组合，细胞激素的生物学，白血球和内皮组织的互动关系，以及免疫相关疾病的致病机转。

To develop standard WNV diagnostic tools, four monoclonal antibodies against WNV envelope protein domain III were produced. The isotype, the reactivity with denatured and native antigens, the affinity and specificity of antibodies have been characterized. Two MAbs (4B3 and 2F5) were used to establish an antigen capture-ELISA detection system.

为了建立有效的WNV检测方法，本研究制备了四株抗WNV囊膜蛋白第三结构域的单克隆抗体，鉴定了抗体的亚型、抗体和变性及非变性抗原结合的强度、抗原和抗体结合的亲和力常数，进行了免疫荧光分析、测定了抗原表位竞争、抗体的中和能力等，并检测了上述单抗与日本乙型脑炎病毒的交叉反应情况。

2B8a was weakly reactive to neutrophils (23.72%) and negative for T cells, NK, DC, RBC and Plt. The antibody reacted to all 3 marrow CD34+ cells with an average positive rate of 39.33% while it was negative for G-CSF-mobilized CD34+ peripheral blood stem/progenitor cells (PBSC, 1.25%). Cell line analysis showed that the antibody notably reacted to three out of 4 cell lines (Raji, SMS-SB, Nalm-6 and Nall-1) with the positive rates of 98.78%, 98.61%, 94.93% respectively and weakly to one of them with 5.68% in B lineage cell lines and monoblastic cell line (U937, 67.78%) while it was only weakly positive or negative for other myeloid leukemia cell lines including Meg01 (33.40%), HL-60 (29.70%),K562 (28.19%), KG1a (16.23 %) and HEL92.1.7 (8.02%). Among 4 T lineage leukemia,5 neuroblastoma and 1 colon cancer cell lines tested, only Molt-3 was found weakly positive (31.40%) for 2B8a, while the remaining 3 T cell lines (Molt4, JM and CCRF-CEM), 5 neuroblastoma cell lines (LA-N1, KCNR, BE, SK-N-SH, SK-N-AS) and the colon cancer cell line (HR8348) tested were negative.

结果表明： 2B8a抗原在外周血B细胞上表达（3/3例，平均阳性细胞数为26.29 ％），而在T淋巴细胞和NK细胞上不表达（0/3例）；在粒细胞和单核细胞上阳性表达均为2/3例，平均阳性细胞数分别是23.72 ％和59.84 ％；在DC细胞、红细胞和血小板上均不表达（0/3例）。2B8a抗原在骨髓CD34＋细胞上的阳性表达是3/3例，平均阳性细胞数39.33 ％，而在G-CSF动员的外周血CD34+细胞上的阳性表达仅1/3例，平均阳性细胞数为1.25 ％。2B8a抗原在B系细胞系Raji、SMS-SB、Nalm-6和Nall-1上的平均阳性细胞数分别为98.78 ％、98.61 ％、94.93 ％和5.68 ％；在T系细胞系Molt-3上的平均阳性细胞数为31.40 ％，而在Molt-4、JM和CCRF-CEM 细胞上不表达；在髓系细胞系U937、Meg-01、HL-60、K562、KG1a和HEL92.1.7上的平均阳性细胞数分别为67.78 ％、33.40 ％、29.70 ％、28.19 ％、16.23 ％和8.02 ％；在神经母细胞瘤细胞系SK-N-SH、KCNR、BE、LAN-1和SK-N-AS细胞以及结肠癌细胞系HR8348细胞上均不表达，而在羊膜细胞系FL细胞上呈一定的阳性表达，平均阳性细胞数为45.03％。

Cell line analysis showed that the antibody notably reacted to three out of 4 cell lines (Raji, SMS-SB, Nalm-6 and Nall-1) with the positive rates of 98.78%, 98.61%, 94.93% respectively and weakly to one of them with 5.68% in B lineage cell lines and monoblastic cell line (U937, 67.78%) while it was only weakly positive or negative for other myeloid leukemia cell lines including Meg01 (33.40%), HL-60 (29.70%),K562 (28.19%), KG1a (16.23 %) and HEL92.1.7 (8.02%). Among 4 T lineage leukemia,5 neuroblastoma and 1 colon cancer cell lines tested, only Molt-3 was found weakly positive (31.40%) for 2B8a, while the remaining 3 T cell lines (Molt4, JM and CCRF-CEM), 5 neuroblastoma cell lines (LA-N1, KCNR, BE, SK-N-SH, SK-N-AS) and the colon cancer cell line (HR8348) tested were negative.

结果表明： 2B8a抗原在外周血B细胞上表达（3/3例，平均阳性细胞数为26.29 ％），而在T淋巴细胞和NK细胞上不表达（0/3例）；在粒细胞和单核细胞上阳性表达均为2/3例，平均阳性细胞数分别是23.72 ％和59.84 ％；在DC细胞、红细胞和血小板上均不表达（0/3例）。2B8a抗原在骨髓CD34＋细胞上的阳性表达是3/3例，平均阳性细胞数39.33 ％，而在G-CSF动员的外周血CD34 细胞上的阳性表达仅1/3例，平均阳性细胞数为1.25 ％。2B8a抗原在B系细胞系Raji、SMS-SB、Nalm-6和Nall-1上的平均阳性细胞数分别为98.78 ％、98.61 ％、94.93 ％和5.68 ％；在T系细胞系Molt-3上的平均阳性细胞数为31.40 ％，而在Molt-4、JM和CCRF-CEM 细胞上不表达；在髓系细胞系U937、Meg-01、HL-60、K562、KG1a和HEL92.1.7上的平均阳性细胞数分别为67.78 ％、33.40 ％、29.70 ％、28.19 ％、16.23 ％和8.02 ％；在神经母细胞瘤细胞系SK-N-SH、KCNR、BE、LAN-1和SK-N-AS细胞以及结肠癌细胞系HR8348细胞上均不表达，而在羊膜细胞系FL细胞上呈一定的阳性表达，平均阳性细胞数为45.03％。

Peripherial blood mononuclear cells pulsed with GST-MAGE-3 were able to present antigen to T lymphocytes, activate antigen-specific CTLs and induce special antitumor immune responses in vitro.

经GST-MAGE-3蛋白抗原冲击的胃癌患者外周血单个核细胞能在体外有效提呈抗原，激活抗原特异性CTL，诱导特异性抗肿瘤免疫应答。

Many tumor specific antigens such as mouse PlA, human MAGE, BAGE and GAGE families had been isolated during recent decade. PlA is a tumor specific antigen expressed by mouse mastocytoma P815. It is one kind of cancer-testis antigens and expresses in various mouse tumor such as mastocytoma P815, plasmoma J558 and fibrosarcoma Meth A but hardly in normal tissue except testis and placenta.

近十年来已经成功分离出多种鼠或人的肿瘤特异性抗原，如小鼠P1A基因和人的MAGE、BAGE、GAGE家族等。P1A为小鼠肥大细胞瘤P815所表达的肿瘤特异性抗原，它是一种CT抗原，在多种小鼠肿瘤如肥大细胞瘤P815、浆细胞瘤J558和纤维肉瘤Meth A等中表达，而在除睾丸、胎盘之外的正常组织中不表达。

Rechallenge was performed 60 days after first tumor inoculation, all mice showed complete protection, indicating that the DC-gp100 induced specific anti-melanoma memory CD8+CTL.

为了验证NV抗原表位可以降低gp100特异的CD8+T 细胞活化阈值，我们先将NV抗原肽负载DC，接着再分别负载不同浓度梯度的gp100抗原肽，以此免疫小鼠，7天后以淋巴细胞增殖实验判断gp100特异的CD8+T 细胞活化阈值。

The glycyrrhizic acid antigen is prepared through the process including following steps: dissolving glycyrrhizic acid in N, N-dimethyl formamide, dioxane or dimethyl sulfoxide, heliophobically adding N-hydroxy succinimide, reacting with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide at 0-10 deg.c for 2-5 hr; and reacting with carrier protein at normal temperature for 4-6 hr to obtain glycyrrhizic acid antigen.

本发明所提供的甘草酸抗体，是用甘草酸抗原免疫动物，然后从被免疫动物的血清中分离得到的；所述甘草酸抗原按如下过程制备：先将甘草酸溶解在N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环或二甲基亚砜中，避光加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺，然后在0-10℃条件下与二环己基碳二亚胺反应2-5小时；接着与载体蛋白常温反应4-6小时，得到甘草酸抗原。

The involvement of oxidization of peroxid in the antigen-antibody reaction makes the cell membrane permeability enhanced, so the fluorescence-labeled antibody stain can infiltrate into the cell easily and contact the antigen rapidly and diffusely, and then the antigen-antibody crosslinking can be formed efficiently.

利用过氧化氢的氧化作用参与抗原抗体反应，使细胞的膜通透性增强，利于荧光标记抗体染液渗入，从而更快速、广泛地接触抗原，更有效的抗原抗体的嵌合交联。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失