抗原

An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes,which stick out from its surface.

一个抗原的异质性是通过一种错综的和特有的形态被证实的，这种形态叫做抗原决定基。抗原决定基在抗原表面是凸出的。

Distinction instillment different concentration antigen.

分别滴加不同浓度的抗原使其发生反应，测量傅里叶变换红外谱和加入抗体前后反射谱的变化，结果表明硅烷化效果明显，生物抗原较好的固定，抗原抗体反应前后反射谱有明显的红移，且红移量于滴加抗原浓度增加而增加，并且呈现出良好的非线性关系。

Kala-azarpatients were examined by ELISA with three Leishmania strains antigen, the results were 901 strain with 80.92%, 801 strain with 92.25% and 951 strain with 89.92%. The result was notable difference between 901 strain and 801 strain. 334 healthy persons serum of endemic areas were tested by ELISA with three Leishmania strains antigen, the positive rates were notable differenceamong three antigens.

结果：提取的三株抗原的蛋白浓度分别为：901株1000ug/ml、801株800ug/ml、951株1000ug/ml；工作浓度均为10ug/ml；三株抗原分别检测24份肺结核病人血清，均为阴性；三株抗原分别检测60份非疫区健康人血清，801株与951株的检测结果均为阴性，901株检测出一份阳性；三株抗原分别检测131份黑热病病人血清，阳性率分别为：901株80.92%、801株92.25%、951株89.92%。801株明显高于901株。

DCs acquired by our reformed methods express both CD83 and CD 14 molecules highly, and have a higher density than other domestic reports. The higher TNF in DCs culture medium of HC patient suggests DCs in patient still have antigen presenting ability and by optimization the culture medium would improve its presenting ability and have a potential value in design and application individual vaccine. Although antigens pulsed DCs have a decrescent antigen presenting ability but BCG HSP70 could induce its mature and improve its presenting ability. Suggests BCG HSP70 would be a useful mature inducer. Lymphocytes primed by DCs based HC vaccine have the specific cytotoxicity against HCC lines. The CTL after freezing and anabiotic could prophylaxis and therapy HC xenograft on nude mouse. The results also suggests that CD4〓 lymphocytes play a important role in HC with a good differentiation and would be useful in treatment this kind of HC. After being activated by Peptide LLNQHACAV of hAFP and apoptotic HCCs pulsed DCs respectively, the culture medium of activated lymphocytes both contains a high level Th1 cytokines IL-12 and TNF. Primed lymphocytes appeared a characteristic of NK cells. DCs not only inhibited the growth of human HCC and other cancer cells in vitro but also prevented the growth of HC xenograft on nude mouse in vivo. There are at least three kinds of mechanism playing important role in DC based vaccine ,there are inhibition of DCs, HC specific CTL and cytokines pathway.

诱导出的DC共同表达CD83和CD14分子，CD83分子表达明显高于国内报道；肝癌患者DC培养上清中TNF水平高于健康人，提示肝癌患者DC仍具一定的抗原呈递能力，适当调控可使其行使APC功能，以期在肝癌个体化疫苗中发挥作用；DC负载肝癌可溶性抗原后，抗原呈递能力降低，BCG HSP70可促进DC成熟，增加其抗原呈递能力，预示BCG HSP70有可能成为促进DC活化和成熟的另一重要分子；肝癌DC疫苗在体外诱导肝癌特异性淋巴细胞，活化的淋巴细胞在体外对肝癌细胞的杀伤以特异性CTL为主，同时分泌较高水平Th1型细胞因子IL-12和TNF，并抑制4种肝癌细胞生长；冷冻复苏后的肝癌特异性淋巴细胞可以预防和抑制人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤，提示DC负载肝癌可溶性抗原后诱发的MHC-Ⅱ类限制性CD4〓T细胞有可能在分化程度高的肝癌治疗中发挥作用；用DC和HLA-A2〓DC分别负载凋亡肝癌细胞和hAFP218-226位LLNQHACAV HLA-A2限制性九肽，在体外诱导肝癌特异性淋巴细胞，活化后的CTL细胞分泌较高水平的Th1型细胞因子IL-12和TNF，并具较强杀伤活性，此CTL同时具备NK细胞特征；DC对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用可能是通过吞噬实现的，Fas-L在DC抑制中也起一定作用；DC对人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤的抑制率为97％；在肝癌DC疫苗的作用中，至少联合3种以上机制，即通过DC的直接作用、肝癌特异性CTL和细胞因子途径直接或间接地杀伤和抑制肝癌细胞。

Abstract］ Objective To evaluate the role of PSA,PSAD（prostate specific antigen density）,FPSA and F/T prostate specific antigen percentage in the diagnosis at the prostate cancer.Methods Levels of PSA,PSAD and FPSA were examined in serums of patients with prostate cancer（56 cases） and bisectional prostate hypertrophy（149 cases）.The comparison analysis were carried to these values.

目的 评价列腺特异性抗原、游离前列腺特异性抗原、游离/总前列腺抗原百分比及前列腺特异性抗原密度在前列腺癌鉴别诊断中的价值方法对56例前列腺癌和149例前列腺增生患者用微粒酶免疫法的血清总PSA、游离PSA及游离/总前列腺抗原百分比（F/T百分比；用经直肠超声检查测得前列腺体积V，计算出PSAD值对些值进行比较分析。

The PSCA_3 fragment was selected for its superior expression level in eukaryotic cells.Then the sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI genetic fragment was cloned into pVAX1-neo-IRES-GM/B7 vector to construct the final immunological inhanced DNA vaccine pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to confirm the expression of PSCA_3 fragment by transfected into Cos7 cell.Finally,the anti-tumor effect of pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB was tested in murine prostate cancer model generated by RM-1 cell line.The animal was immunized with pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB DNA vaccine by intramuscular injection plus electroporation,pVAX1 and pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB plasmid were used as control.The inhibitory effect of tumor was investigated by observion of forming time,volume and inhibition ratio of tumor.Results:DNA sequencing conformed that the heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragment which was synchronized by overlapping-extending-PCR,was consistent to design.Enzyme digestion analysis showed that the 1 to 4 copies heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragments were constructed successfully.

方法(1)检索GenBank，选择包含人主要T细胞抗原表位序列的人PSCA基因片段，应用异种化抗原设计技术，保留人T细胞抗原表位，设计异种化PSCA融合抗原片段；(2)根据核酸序列按中心模板法设计引物，应用重叠延伸PCR技术拼接合成异种化PSCA融合抗原片段基因，以PCR、限制性酶切和DNA序列测定法进行鉴定：(3)利用DNA限制性内切酶BssHⅡ和MluⅠ酶切后粘端互补的特点，采用同尾酶法构建1—4拷贝异种化PSCA融合抗原片段(PNCA_1-PSCA_4)，并将上述片段分别插入真核表达载体pCI-neo-Fc-GPI中，转染293T细胞，借助免疫荧光+流式细胞术考察插入片段表达效率，最终选定PSCA_3片段进行下一步研究；(4)将sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI基因片段自pCI-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI质粒上切下，插入pVAX1-neo-IRES—GM/B7载体中，构建免疫增效DNA疫苗pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，并应用转染Cos7细胞+免疫荧光/流式细胞术方法鉴定其在真核细胞中的表达情况；(5)给8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠皮下种植RM-1细胞，制备小鼠前列腺癌模型，并采用股四头肌肌肉注射+电脉冲法(Electroporation，EP)接种DNA疫苗质粒pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，同时接种pVAX1空载体质粒和pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB质粒作为对照，通过观察计算免疫动物的成瘤时间、肿瘤体积和抑瘤率，来评价该DNA疫苗在小鼠体内的抑瘤效果。

56 cases of bullous pemphigoid were studied on the clinical characters and immunol-blot patterns.It was found that bullous pemphigoid happened mostly among old people in bullous type;Autoantigen BP230,BP230/180 and BP 230/180 combined with minor antigens involved in acute phase of BP patient;While BP180 involved mainly in the remission of the disease.

对56例江浙沪地区类天疱疮患者的临床特征和不同靶抗原的关系进行了探讨，发现类天疱疮多发于老年人，并以大疱性多见；在BP的急性期抗体结合230kD、230/180kD、合并条带靶抗原较常出现(86.11%)；而在疾病的缓解期抗体结合180kD抗原较常出现(65%)；180kD靶抗原并非次要抗原。

Swine enteropathogenic E. colis were rejuvenescenced and 6 of them were selected to prepare blood serum. We had tested the reactance of cross agglutination and agar diffusion between the strains and the blood serums. No. 300 and No. 343 were selected because they had highly cross reaction. To test superantigen of No.300 and No.343, the antigens made by both of them immunized piglets, and then we detected the serum 0D values with indirect ELISA. The OMP and PF of No. 300 and No. 343 were extracted for SDS—PAGE and westen-blotting.

本研究针对10株猪致病性大肠杆菌，经复壮后选取致病性强的6菌株作为供试菌株，制备免疫血清与这6菌株的多种抗原分别进行交叉凝集试验和琼脂扩散试验，根据各菌株抗原的交叉反应程度，筛选出抗原交叉程度高的菌株300和343，检测两菌株超抗原的毒性作用，以不同方式制备抗原免疫仔猪，用间接ELISA检测免疫效果，并提取菌株300和343的外膜蛋白和渗透因子经SDS—PAGE及免疫印迹试验，进行相关分析。

objective to establish immunological methods specific for detecting antigens in different groups of monoclonal antibodies.methods indirect immnofluorescence assay was applied to identify specificity of the two groups of monoclonal antibodies prepared with crude antigen and recombinant antigen of aspergillus fumigatus,respectively.two different double monoclonal antibody sandwich elisa assays established with the two groups of antibodies were performed to detect antigents in the cell culture supermatants of 19 common species of aspergillus,penicillium marneffei,and 5 species of candidas.results the results of indirect immnofluorescence assay indicated that the monoclonal antibodies prepared with crude antigen of aspergillus fumigatus were specific for antigens in both clinical isolates and environmental isolates of aspergillus, whereas the other group of monoclonal antibodies was proved to be specific for aspergillus fumigatus of both clinical and environmental isolates.the elisa assay established with the crude antigen-specfic monoclonal antibodies could detect both of the clinical and environmental isolates of aspergllius, while the other assay could only detect aspergillus fumigatus of both clinical and environmental isolates.and no cross reaction with the cell culture of penialllium marneffei and candidas was observed with the two methods.conclusion the elisa assays can detect both of the clinical and environmental isolates of aspergillus,and differentiate aspergillus fumigatus from other species of aspergillus.

目的 用2组曲霉单克隆抗体建立特异性识别不同种类曲霉抗原的检测方法。方法采用天然烟曲霉抗原免疫，获得广谱针对曲霉抗原的单克隆抗体；采用重组烟曲霉抗原获得特异性针对烟曲霉抗原的单克隆抗体，用间接免疫荧光鉴定，并分别建立2种双抗体夹心elisa法，对19种常见的环境和临床分离曲霉株、马尔尼菲氏青霉菌及念珠菌培养液进行检测。结果间接免疫荧光显示，用天然烟曲霉抗原免疫获得的单克隆抗体(mabs-1)可广谱识别多种曲霉分离株，而重组烟曲霉抗原获得的单克降抗体(mabs-2)仅能特异性结合临床和环境分离的烟曲霉抗原。用mabs-1建立的双抗体夹心elisa法可检测19种常见曲霉株培养液；用特异性针对烟曲霉抗原单克降抗体(mabs-2)建立的双抗体夹心elisa法可特异性检测临床和环境分离株烟曲霉培养液；与其他曲霉株无交叉反应；2种双抗体夹心elisa法与马尔尼菲氏青霉菌及念珠菌培养液均无交叉反应。

Haptens of chlorpyrifos,Triazophos,carbofruaand parathion-methyl(MP5)were synthesized in this study.

本研究首先合成了四种农药的半抗原：三唑磷半抗原THHe、克百威半抗原BFNB、毒死蜱半抗原CHBu以及甲基对硫磷半抗原MP5。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失