投资银行

In this article,we mentioned away to found an online-bank risk monitoring system---""four-dimensionality form aorganic whole""monitoring system.The so-called""four-dimensionality form aorganic whole""is to points concrete measures should be applied on nation,industry,bank and customer these four different dimensionality and auniform technique backup--digital authentication center should be set up against the online-bank's risk.

本文提出构建"四维一体"的网上银行风险监管体系的思路，并详细论述了构建"四维一体"的网投资项目管理师前景上银行风险监管体系的详细步骤：分别从国家、行业本身、银行内部和客户四个不同维度，提出对我国网上银行风险监管的具体对策，并依靠完备的数字认证中心作为技术后盾，进行有效的网上银行风险控制，切实防范网上银行风险。

This chapter emphasizes on the five issues. Firstly, the relation between the transformation from savings to investment and the fund's formation. Its purpose is to reveal the formation way of the funds and how to improve its efficiency of utilization. Secondly, the analysis of the supply behavior of the transformation from savings to investment. It mostly analyzes the savings' behaviors of the government, enterprises and residents and their economic effects. Thirdly, the analysis of the demand behavior of the transformation from savings to investment. It stresses on discussing the enterprise's choices of the financing structures and forms on the premise of pursuing the maximum profit, through analyzing the basic features of each social financial entity. Fourthly, it clearly points out the kinds of transformative mechanism from savings to investment and its impactive factors. Finally, it emphases the importance and realizing path of the transformative mechanism in our country that is changed from combining bank with capital market to the market leading, through analyzing the mechanism and its practice in China.

本章重点讨论五个问题：第一，储蓄向投资转化与资金形成的关系，目的是揭示资金的形成途径及如何提高其使用效率；第二，储蓄向投资转化的供给行为分析，主要分析政府、企业和居民的储蓄行为及其经济效应；第三，储蓄向投资转化的需求行为分析，通过分析社会各融资主体的基本特征，重点探讨企业在追求收益最大化前提下融资结构和融资形式的选择；第四，储蓄向投资的转化机制，主要探讨了储蓄向投资转化机制及其制约因素；第五，通过对中国储蓄向投资转化机制的历史考察和现状分析，明确指出了我国储蓄向投资的转化机制由银行与资本市场并存型转向市场主导型的重要性和实现路径。

Returns from these investments, bank savings, the lowest investment income, only 2%-3%, but its risk minimization, and the best liquidity; bond investment income of about 3%— 5 percent, its risk, realized a long time; the real estate rental investment income of about 5%-8%, with less risk, but poor liquidity; investing in stocks or buy new real estate investment, their investment income about 10% or more, but they risk the most, there are too many uncertainties.

这些投资的回报，银行存款，投资收入最低，只有2％-3 ％，但其风险最小化，最好的流动资金；债券投资收益的约3％- 5点，风险，实现很长一段时间；房地产投资租金收入约5％-8 ％，且风险较小，但穷人的流动资金投资于股票或购买新的房地产投资，其投资收益约10 ％或更多，但他们最危险，有太多的不确定因素。

Services Lawyers at Yao Liang have provided legal services to a great number of international and mainland based clients including Citibank, Kodak, Pfizer, BP, Honeywell, Inbv, Belgium, Société BIC, DHL, National Instruments, Mannesmann AG, Deutsche Bundesbank, Sakura Bank, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Twentsche Kabel Holding, Schenker, PCCW-HKT Limited, Shanghai Electric Corp., China Pacific Insurance Co.

服务领域耀良的律师曾向国内外的许多知名企业提供法律服务，这些客户包括美国花旗银行、柯达公司、辉瑞公司、英国石油、霍尼韦尔、比利时英博制酒集团，法国比克公司、德国曼内斯曼集团、德意志银行、日本樱花银行、三菱银行、荷兰商业银行、荷兰特恩持、全球货运公司、电讯盈科、上海电气集团、太平洋保险公司、江南造船厂等；法律服务的领域涉及公司和并购业务、外商直接投资、知识产权、信息技术、电讯、海事（包括船舶制造、船舶融资和理赔等）、保险、物流、房地产、税务、反倾销、国内国际仲裁等各个方面。

Lawyers at yao liang have provided legal services to a great number of international and mainland based clients including citibank, kodak, pfizer, bp, honeywell, inbv, belgium, société bic, dhl, national instruments, mannesmann ag, deutsche bundesbank, sakura bank, bank of tokyo-mitsubishi, twentsche kabel holding, schenker, pccw-hkt limited, shanghai electric corp., china pacific insurance co. and jiangnan shipyard, etc. the firm's services extend over a wide spectrum: from corporate and m

耀良的律师曾向国内外的许多知名企业提供法律服务，这些客户包括美国花旗银行、柯达公司、辉瑞公司、英国石油、霍尼韦尔、比利时英博制酒集团，法国比克公司、德国曼内斯曼集团、德意志银行、日本樱花银行、三菱银行、荷兰商业银行、荷兰特恩持、全球货运公司、电讯盈科、上海电气集团、太平洋保险公司、江南造船厂等；法律服务的领域涉及公司和并购业务、外商直接投资、知识产权、信息技术、电讯、海事（包括船舶制造、船舶融资和理赔等）、保险、物流、房地产、税务、反倾销、国内国际仲裁等各个方面。

The Chinese government permit the following activities: Chinese commercial banks may accept guarantee provided by foreign shareholders; foreign invested enterprises may apply to designated Chinese banks dealing in foreign exchange business within the territory of China for Renminbi loans using foreign exchange collateral securities; special industrial investment fund may be set up to buffer insufficient equity capital from the Chinese side when increasing investment in an invested enterprise; Chinese commercial banks may issue equity loans to Chinese shareholders meeting clearly-defined conditions.

中国政府允许中国商业银行接受外方股东担保，允许外商投资企业以外汇质押方式向中国境内中国外汇指定银行申请人民币贷款；设立专项产业投资基金缓解增资时中方股本金不足的问题；允许中国商业银行对符合条件的中方股东发放股本贷款。

The Chinese government permit the following activities: Chinese commercial banks may accept guarantee provided by fo'reign shareholders; fo'reign invested enterprises may apply to designated Chinese banks dealing in fo'reign exchange business within the territo'ry of China fo'r Renminbi loans using fo'reign exchange collateral securities; special industrial investment fund may be set up to buffer insufficient equity capital from the Chinese side when increasing investment in an invested enterprise; Chinese commercial banks may issue equity loans to Chinese shareholders meeting clearly-defined conditions.

中国政府允许中国商业银行接受外方股东担保，允许外商投资企业以外汇质押方式向中国境内中国外汇指定银行申请人民币贷款；设立专项产业投资基金缓解增资时中方股本金不足的问题；允许中国商业银行对符合条件的中方股东发放股本贷款。

Reporter has learned that the Center and the Bank jointly launched the replacement of individual housing provident fund loan portfolio refers to the application for individual housing loans of the borrower, by the trustee bank to use bank funds to the borrower issuing bank commercial individual housing loans, by banks on behalf of the borrower to Kunming housing provident fund management center to apply for individual housing provident fund loans, agreed to by the management center for approval, the provident fund loans with bank loans Replacement "first trustee bank loans, after the replacement loan fund portfolio" of loans.

记者了解到，该中心和世界银行共同发起了更换个人住房公积金贷款业务是指在申请个人住房贷款的借款人，由受托人银行使用银行资金向借款人发放的商业银行个人住房贷款，由银行代借款人到昆明住房公积金管理中心申请个人住房公积金贷款，同意由管理中心批准，公积金贷款与银行贷款的替代品&第一受托人银行贷款，后更换贷款基金的投资组合&的贷款。

Article 21The term import and export settlement refers to settlement by foreign banks, foreign bank branches and joint venture banks for imports and exports handled by foreign-funded enterprises and for exports and imports under the item of loan by non-foreign-funded enterprises.

第二十一条本章所称进出口结算，是指外资银行、外国银行分行、合资银行办理的外商投资企业的进出口结算和经批准的非外商投资企业的出口结算以及放款项下的进口结算。

There are some successful experiences in the countries throughout the world that we can use for reference Basing on Chinese reality and using of the international experience of other countries, the paper puts forward some short-termed and medium-and-long termed measures to start up Chinese folk investment through finance These measures are as f ollo~vs establihing polical financial channel building credit guarantee system for folk MS SE, integrating Chinese financial policy supporting greatly Chinese Medium-and-small financial institutions improving the service of state-owed commercial banks for MSSE.

本文在借鉴世界各国金融启动民间投资成功经验的基础上，结合当前我国民营中小企业发展中存在的实际困难，立足我国现实国情，提出了金融启动民间投资的近期对策和中长期对策，包括有建立政策性的筹资渠道、建立民间中小企业信用担保体系，完善我国的金融政策、大力支持我国中小金融机构的发展、改善我国国有商业银行对中小企业的金融服务、大力拓展银行中间业务、发展融资租赁业、以中小企业的整体重组促进投融资、发展风险投资、建立二板市场等。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新