投资收益

The investment project combination in crossing a country to manage studies Yang Linfeng is in in crossing a country to manage, have reasonable combination to investing a project, be helpful for disperse and reducing a risk, get steadier good gains.

跨国经营中的投资项目组合研究杨林峰在跨国经营中，对投资项目进行合理组合，有利于分散和减少风险，获取较稳定的良好收益。

In the weighted of portfolio ,we choose equal-weighted, value-weighted, liquidity-weighted and the combination of LW and VW as/2 to calculate the return each.

利用基于J个月形成期，K个月持有观察期的投资策略来考查十六种时期策略下不同投资组合建立方法的收益情况。

Based on the empirical studies of arbitrage process and results on domestic convertible bond market, we have drawn the follow conclusions: on domestic convertible bond market, the arbitrage actions conducted by institutional investors help to reduce risk and increase return; meanwhile, arbitrage actions help to effectively price the bond and encourage its bonders to exercise the conversion right.

本文作者通过对国内转债交易市场中投资套利过程及结果的实证分析，提出了研究结论：在国内转债市场中，机构投资者进行的转债套利操作行为有利于机构大资金在进行转债投资实践中回避风险、提高收益；同时，套利行为可以促进转债有效定价并能够推动持债者积极转股等。

In this paper, we compute the futures portfolio' VaR by using copulas, and obtained a lot of valuable results under different distributions of assets return.

论文应用连接函数对具体实际的期货投资组合VaR进行了计算研究，得到了不同资产收益分布下投资组合VaR的许多有价值的计算结果。

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements: defaults on or non-renewal of leases by tenants or renewal at lower-than-expected rent or failure to lease at all or on favorable terms, decreases in real estate values and impairment losses, increased interest rates and operating costs or greater-than-expected capital expenditures, our failure to obtain, renew or extend necessary financing, re-financing risks, risks related to our obligations in the event of certain defaults under co-investment ventures and other debt, risks related to debt and equity security financings, difficulties in identifying properties to acquire and in effecting acquisitions, our failure to successfully integrate acquired properties and operations, our failure to divest properties we have contracted to sell or to timely reinvest proceeds from any divestitures, our failure to contribute properties to our co-investment ventures, risks and uncertainties affecting property development, value-added conversions, redevelopment and construction (including construction delays, cost overruns, our inability to obtain necessary permits and public opposition to these activities), our failure to qualify and maintain our status as a real estate investment trust, risks related to our tax structuring, failure to maintain our current credit agency ratings or to comply with our debt covenants, environmental uncertainties, risks related to natural disasters, financial market fluctuations, changes in general economic conditions, global trade or in the real estate sector, inflation risks, changes in real estate and zoning laws, a continued or prolonged downturn in the U.S., California or global economy, risks related to doing business internationally and global expansion, risks of opening offices globally, risks of changing personnel and roles, losses in excess of our insurance coverage, unknown liabilities acquired in connection with acquired properties or otherwise and increases in real property tax rates.

以下因素可能会导致实际结果和未来事件与前瞻性陈述产生重大出入：承租人拖欠租金或者不续租；利率以及经营成本的提高；我们未能获得必要的外部融资；再融资的风险；与合资项目和其它债务发生特定违约时我方承担的义务有关的风险；与债务和股权融资有关的风险；确定拟收购的物业以及完成收购过程中遇到的困难；我们未能成功整合收购的物业和业务；我们未能剥离已经签约出售的物业或未能及时将剥离带来的收益再投资；影响物业开发和建设的风险和不确定性（包括建设延期、费用超支、我们无法获得项目建设所需的必要批准以及公众对项目开发建设的反对等）；我们无法获得或者维持作为房地产投资信托公司的资质；与我们的税收策划有关的风险；无法保持我们目前的信用评级；环保方面的不确定性；与自然灾害有关的风险；金融市场的波动；整体经济状况或者房地产业的变化；房地产和城市规划法律的调整；美国、加利福尼亚州或者全球经济的衰退；与开展国际业务和全球扩张有关的风险；保险范围之外的损失；与被收购的物业有关的或者其它未知责任以及房地产税率的提高等。我们的成功还依赖于总体经济走向，包括利率、所得税法、政府监管、立法、人口总数变化以及我们在10-K表中作的截至2009年12月31日的季度报告中&风险因素&和其它标题项下阐述的其它问题。

Zero working capital management through the reduction in current assets' investment, causes the working capital to account for the enterprise total turnover the proportion tends is smallest, is advantageous for the enterprise the more fundings invested to the income high fixed asset or the long-term investment; through floats a loan the current liabilities to meet the working capital need massively, reduces enterprise's fund cost.

零营运资金管理manage通过减少在流动资产上的投资Investment，使营运资金占企业Company总营业额的比重趋于最小，便于企业Company把更多的资金投入到收益较高的固定资产或长期投资Investment上；通过大量举借短期负债来满足营运资金需求，降低企业Company的资金Costs成本。

Zero working capital management through the reduction in current assets' investment, causes the working capital to account for the enterprise total turnover the proportion tends is smallest, is advantageous for the enterprise the more fundings invested to the income high fixed asset or the long-term investment; Through floats a loan the current liabilities to meet the working capital need massively, reduces enterprise's fund cost.

零营运资金治理通过减少在流动资产上的投资，使营运资金占企业总营业额的比重趋于最小，便于企业把更多的资金投入到收益较高的固定资产或长期投资上；通过大量举借短期负债来满足营运资金需求，降低企业的资金成本。

Zero working capital management through the reduction in current assets investment, causes the working capital to account for the enterprise total turnover the proportion tends is smallest, is advantageous for the enterprise the more fundings invested to the income high fixed asset or the long-term investment; Through floats a loan the current liabilities to meet the working capital need massively, reduces enterprises fund cost.

零营运资金管理通过减少在流动资产上的投资，使营运资金占企业总营业额的比重趋于最小，便于企业把更多的资金投入到收益较高的固定资产或长期投资上；通过大量举借短期负债来满足营运资金需求，降低企业的资金成本。

Over the years, we've been Woody-like in our thinking, attempting to increase our marketable investments in wonderful businesses, while simultaneously trying to buy similar businesses in their entirety. The following table illustrates our progress on both fronts. In the tabulation, we show the marketable securities owned per share of Berkshire at ten-year intervals. A second column lists our per-share operating earnings (before taxes and purchase-price adjustments but after interest and corporate overhead) from all other activities. In other words, the second column shows what we earned excluding the dividends, interest and capital gains that we realized from investments. Purchase-price accounting adjustments are ignored for reasons we have explained at length in previous reports and which, as an act of mercy, we won't repeat. We'll be glad to send masochists the earlier explanations, however.

多年来，我们的看法一直与伍迪一致，在努力增加我们非凡企业的投资部位的同时，也试着买下一些同样优秀企业的全部所有权，下表充分显示了我们在这两方面的进展，表中列示出在十年间Berkshire每股所拥有的股票价值以及每股在扣除利息与营业费用之后来自其它活动的营业利益(但未扣除所得税与购买法会计调整数)，换言之，后者所代表的是在扣除我们从股票投资所得的股利、利息收入与资本利得之后的盈余收益，至于购买法会计调整数不列入的原因，在以前的年报中，我们已经花了相当的篇幅解释过了，在这个地方我们就不再重复了，当然如果你有被虐待的倾向的话，我们也不介意再复述一次。

This item consists of the net earnings on U.S.

这项包含美国对外投资的净收益，也就是美国在外国投资减去国内固定资产的支付，同样包括人员雇用费用。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。