投影地

Chapter 1 briefs the relation between invariance and computer vision and summarizes the research and application of invariance in computer vision. Chapter 2 first derives the transformations of three camera models, then makes the correpondences between the models and three typical geometrical transformation groups by analysing the transformations respectively. The correspondences supply the theoretical basis for applying geometrical invariants to resolve the problems of computer vision. In Chapter 3, we describe the geometrical invariant theory and prove some geometrical invariants of coplanar points, lines or conics by algebraic method. In order to use the invariants of conic pairs to describe general 2D shapes, we discuss the perspectively invariant representation of planar curves using conies in detail. A system consisted of two TMS320C25 and based on moment invariants is introduced in Chapter 5. The system can recognize more than 30 different shapes of object model or more than 10 plane models with similar shape in real time.

第一章简述了不变性与计算机视觉的关系，以及计算机视觉中的不变性研究和应用概况；第二章推导了计算机视觉中常用三种投影模型的变换关系，通过对这三种变换关系的分析，分别建立了这三种投影模型和几何学中的三种变换群之间的一一对应关系，为几何不变性在计算机视觉中的应用提供了理论基础；在第三章中，我们介绍了几何不变性的理论，并且用代数方法证明了共面点、直线、二次曲线的几何不变量和射影不变量；为了把二次曲线的不变量用于一般二维形状描述，在第四章中我们详细地讨论了用二次曲线实现一般平面曲线的透视不变性表示的方法；第五章介绍了用两片TMS320C25构成的、基于不变矩形特征的运动目标实时识别系统。

One way of describing a projection is to project first from the earth's surface to a developable surface such as a cylinder or cone, followed by the simple second step of unrolling the surface into a plane.

描述地图投影的一种思路便是：首先将地球表面投影到一个可展面上，然后再简单地将这个可展面展开为一个平面。

The use of games, songs, performances, Chant and TPR activities, students have to experience the rhythm of the language of rap, rhythm of the singing in the language of feelings, so that students in a happy state of mind, and actively take the initiative to learn new knowledge, acquire new language; can also use a variety of teaching media pictures, objects, toys, slides, projectors, video, sound recordings, fingerstall, puppetry, etc.

利用游戏、歌曲、表演、Chant及TPR活动让学生在有节奏的说唱中体验语言，在有韵律的歌唱中感受语言，让学生在快乐的心境中，积极主动地学习新知识、掌握新语言；也可以利用丰富多彩的教学媒体（图片、实物、玩具、幻灯、投影、录像、录音、指套、木偶等等）让学生置身语境，有意识或无意识地开口练说，最大限度地发挥学生说英语的主动性和积极性。

Image sequence of images for each frame along the horizontal and vertical direction integral projection formed two integral projection Vector and applications based on the one-dimensional gradient estimated translation technology, thereby obtaining accurate two-dimensional space on the volume of translation.

将图像序列中的每一帧图像分别沿水平和垂直方向进行积分投影形成两个积分投影向量，并应用基于梯度的一维平移估计技术处理，从而精确地获取二维空间上的平移量。

The second algorithm uses ring projection to extract feature sequences in image templates, which overpasses the local area limit in tradition methods. While blending factors are gained from energy function that contains image gradient, which conquer the blur and mackle problems in the overlap area using tradition linear weight function. Thus we can gain pleasure visual effect using these two methods in image mosaics with notable illumination difference.

基于圆投影和能量函数优化的图像拼接算法则采用圆投影提取图像匹配模板的特征序列，克服了传统图像特征提取方法中的区域局限问题；对于图像融合，论文从图像能量角度出发，构造一个包含图像梯度的能量泛函，通过最小化该函数来求取图像重叠区域的全局最优融合因子，最终实现快速、准确地拼接图像。

In this algorithm, first, the nonlinear kernel mapping is used to map the face data into an implicit feature space, and then a linear transformation which produces orthogonal basis functions is performed to preserve locality geometric structures of the face image.

该算法首先利用核的方法提取人脸图像中的非线性信息，并将其投影在一个高维非线性空间，在保证各向量正交的同时，通过局部保持投影算法做一线性映射，从而更好地提取人脸非线性局部邻域结构特征。

Based on predeterminate knowledge of VLP and wavelet nulti-scale analysis feature, segmentation position is located self-adaptively.3 character feature extraction.

根据车牌的先验知识，利用小波变换自动变焦、多尺度分析的特点，对传统的垂直投影法及多线垂直投影法进行滤波，自适应搜索分割点，高效地进行了车牌字符分割。

A fast and real-time algorithm to obtain some vectors of the projection matrix is proposed in this dissertation to solve the conflict of time cost by matrix obtainment and memory occupied by matrix, and speed the iterative algorithm.

作者根据扇形扫描几何的对称性和重叠性，提出了一种快速实时获取投影矩阵分量的方法，较好地解决了获取投影矩阵所需速度和存放其所占内存空间的矛盾，提高了迭代重建算法的速度。

We developed the spatial information, which included DTM, topography, slope, aspect, altitude, temperature, precipitation, light soil types, soil texture, administrative zoning, forestry zoing, stream transportation network. The colored aerophotos were scanned and corrected to be orthogonal images. Then, land cover were interpretated and land-use mapping. Ecological site quality of Chamaecyparis formosensis were evaluated for productivity. Habitat suitability index of warbers and guid were evaluated for biodiversity of landscape. The restoration strategies of collapsed area after Chi-Chi earthquake were developed by land evaluation.

本研究以中兴大学实验惠荪场为，进空间资讯之建构，其内容包括DTM、地形、坡、坡向、海拔高、气温、雨、湿、光、土壤种、土壤质地、政区划、业区划、溪、交通线等分布，并用彩色航空摄影照片扫描化且校正成正射投影之影像、地覆判释、郁闭、分高分布图与土地用型图制作；由空间资库进分层取样设计，以供有效之地面调查，而进生产的生态地位评估、地景多样性的野生动物栖息地适宜评估、以及集集921 地震后崩塌地分析、评估与回策之拟定应用，结果显示空间资讯在生态系经营的政策性与策性规划应用上，相当有效。

Most of hob design for non-involute gears are nowadays taken by approximation method.For example,the normal sectional profile of hob worm therad is usually regarded approximately as its basic rack profile.Recently, some new methods have been developed in this respect but, perhaps, they appear overelaborate since the principle of spacing engagement is based on. For this reason , the paper offers a new design procedure for hob worm based on the planar engagement principle with the intention of simplific...

本文应用平面啮合原理精确设计各种非渐开线齿轮滚刀的基本蜗杆，提出并应用啮合线的投影原理从工件齿轮端截面的啮合线直接求得刀具蜗杆的端面齿形，而不必求出媒介齿条的齿形，方法很简单，还从啮合线的投影原理简明而形象地证明了一对螺旋齿轮直接啮合过程的啮合线是一条垂直于齿向的平面曲线。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。