投影

Since the size of image covariance matrices is same as that of images and the within-class image covariance matrix is usual nonsingular, thus, the difficulty resulting from high dimensionality and singular case are artfully avoided.

该文提出了一种基于复向量进行特征表不的并行融合新策略，建立了复线性投影分析的理论，给出了复特征空间内进行线性特征抽取方法，事实上，经典的线性投影分析理论与方法只是本文理论与方法的一个特例。

In this paper constructed the projection operator s of all the inequivalent and irreducible presentation which attributes to C_(2v) group,according to these projection operator s composed the twenty-four normal modes of vibration and their normal coordinates,and analyzed the spectral properties of these vibration modes.

利用群论方法构造出属于C2v群的各不等价不可约表示的投影算符，应用求得的投影算符合成丙酮分子的24个简正振动模式及简正坐标，并分析其振动模式的光谱特性

A method based on the orthogonal property between signal subspace and noise subspace is proposed for robust adaptive beamforming. The robustness would be achieved by projecting the signal steering vector and the null constrain steering vector on signal subspace followed by LCMVB.

针对此情况，基于信号子空间与噪声子空间的彼此正交特性，对存在误差的信号导向矢量和干扰导向矢量，同时向信号于空间投影，然后对投影后的导向约束采用LCMV准则进行自适应波束形成。

Based on the intrinsic nullspace property of the SVM proven by the authors, which shows that the normal vector of the SVM decision plane is of the nullspace property in terms of the support vectors-based within-class scatter matrix, a support vectors-based method is presented to construct the Kernelized Decision Boundary Feature Matrix by using the SVM normal vectors.

进一步结合均值向量的差向量构建扩展决策边界特征矩阵。最后以支持向量为训练集合，结合零空间方法来计算投影空间，该投影空间被用来从原始图像中提取判别特征。

This thesis focus on GPS application in magnetic suspension engineering:① the formulation of oblique cylindrical projection is worked out according to characteristics of long distance precise engineering and map projection theory. The author has developed an application to accomplish coordinate conversion from generally used coordinate systems to oblique Maglev Coordinates System.② considering not only project peculiarities but also position of control points, selection of initial points, connection type, selection of repeat baseline and ground observed quantities, GPS network is designed on electronic map and we may extract GPS network information by program developed using Visual Basic 6.0 while the results are stored in control point file and baseline vector file.③estimate accuracy of various GPS networks designed on electronic map by method of 2D restriction adjustment. GPS network simulation design and accuracy estimate come true.④Predominate the rules how connection type , repeat baseline and precise baseline of range finder influence GPS network precision through comparing accuracy of various GPS network. Thereby, the solution how to establish GPS network in long distance precise engineering is figured out.

本论文主要研究GPS技术在磁悬浮工程中的应用：①根据长距离精密工程的特点，从地图投影原理出发，推导出斜轴圆柱投影的应用公式，并编制计算软件，实现从常用坐标系统向斜轴磁悬浮坐标系统的转换计算；②在AutoCAD电子地图上，根据工程的需要，并充分考虑控制点的点位、起算点的选择、连接方式、重复基线的选择和地面观测量的选择等因素，在电子地图上进行GPS网的设计，根据Visual Basic 6.0语言编程，提取出GPS网资料，保存在控制点文件和基线向量文件中；③对在电子地图生成的各种类型的GPS网进行二维约束平差的精度估算，实现了GPS网的模拟设计与精度估算；④通过对各种控制网的精度比较，掌握连接方式、重复基线、精密测距仪基线对GPS网精度影响的规律，解决了长距离精密工程GPS网的建立方法。

In the era of satellites, space projection has open another new horizon for map projections.

自从人造卫星出现之后，又为地图投影学开辟了一个崭新的研究领域，那就是太空投影之间世。

In this algorithm, first, the nonlinear kernel mapping is used to map the face data into an implicit feature space, and then a linear transformation which produces orthogonal basis functions is performed to preserve locality geometric structures of the face image.

该算法首先利用核的方法提取人脸图像中的非线性信息，并将其投影在一个高维非线性空间，在保证各向量正交的同时，通过局部保持投影算法做一线性映射，从而更好地提取人脸非线性局部邻域结构特征。

The three projection planes are orthogonal from each other.

采用三个相互垂直的投影面，构成投影体系。

The oblique projection algorithm's main advantage is that it can achieve almost same result with the orthogonal projection algorithm, while its implementation is easier and faster.

倾斜投影演算法的主要优点在於它能提供与正交投影演算法几乎同样的结果，实作上更容易实现且速度又快。

The process of the oblique projection algorithm is derived using B-spline function and can provide good effect that is only inferior to the orthogonal projection algorithm.

倾斜投影演算法的处理程序中会使用到B-spline函数来实作影像的放大与缩小，它能提供仅次於正交投影演算法的效能。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。