投射

In order to observe the influences of the descending projections from the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis on the neurons in the spinal cord and caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus,by using an immunocytochemical method,we investigated the c-fos expression within spinal cord and Vc after kainic acid microinjection into the SRD of the rat.

为了观察起自延髓网状背侧亚核的下行投射对脊髓和三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核神经元活动的影响，将微量海人藻酸注入大鼠SRD中，致SRD神经元兴奋，在SRD下行通路的作用部位引起c-fos的表达。

The method combined fluorogold retrograde with fluorescent immunohisto chemistry was used to study c-fos expression of the neurons of brian stem proje cting to the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis under noxious stimulation.

用荧光金逆行追踪和FOS荧光免疫组织化学染色相结合的方法对外周伤害性刺激下大鼠脑干内向延髓网状背侧亚核传入投射的神经元中c-fos的表达进行了研究。

Subnucleus reticularis dorsalis ; spinal cord ; descending projection ; PHA-L ; BSI-B_4; rat

延髓背侧网状亚核；脊髓；下行投射； PHA-L ； BSI-B_4；大鼠

The precise termination areas of the descending projection from the medullary subnucleus reticularis dorsalis to spinal gray matter in the rat were investigated by injection of an anterograde tracer, phaseol us vulgaris leucoagglu tinin into the SRD.

本研究应用PHA－L顺行追踪技术研究了大风延髓网状背测亚核至脊髓灰质下行投射的终止部位。结果表明：SRD发出的下行纤维走行于脊髓的背外侧京中，从高位至低位，脊髓灰质中的PHA－L顺标终末的密度逐渐降低。

The central complex isprominent. The beetle showed notable 5-HT-like immunoreactivity throughout the wholebrain, which was also strongly labelled by TPH antibody, with the pattern matching that of5-HT. 5-HT-like positive fibers were resolved in all areas of the brain, among which thelamina and suboesophageal ganglion showed the most remarkable dark brownimmunostaining. While, all major neuropil regions, in general, showed low level backgroundafter TPH immunostaining for TPH mainly existing in cytoplasm. The number of 5-HT-likeimmunoreactive neurons was relatively small but possessed extensive varicose arborizations.

免疫组化结果显示，异色瓢虫脑系统呈强5-HT免疫反应，表现为稳定的反应模式；其脑系统对鼠抗TPH单克隆抗体同样呈显著的免疫阳性反应，且反应模式与5-HT一致。5-HT能神经元多为切向神经元，数目相对较少，呈两侧对称分布，主要位于视叶与侧前脑之间、前脑背方及咽下神经节处，其阳性纤维呈明显的静脉曲张状，投射区域较广泛。

In the suboesophageal ganglion, 5-HT/TPH-likeimmunoreactive neurons (ca.15) mainly distributed in the lateral and ventro-lateral area, withprocesses projecting into the suboesophageal ganglion neuropil.

咽下神经节处5-HT/TPH阳性神经元数目相对较多，每侧大约有15个，主要分布于髓区侧细胞体层和腹侧细胞体层，轴突投射进入咽下神经节。

Our observation indicates that capsaicin as a nociceptive chemical irritant can selectively activate primary afferent C-fibers to release SP and Glu from their central terminals in the superficial dorsal horn. It seems that the release of SP and Glu acting on NK-1 and NMDA receptors results secondarily in the activation of dorsal horn neurons, transmitting nociceptive information to supraspinal structures.

以上结果表明辣椒素作为一种伤害性的刺激源，可选择性兴奋C类传入纤维，引起其分布于脊髓背角浅层内的末梢大量释放SP和Glu，通过相应受体兴奋背角伤害性感受神经元，包括上行脊-丘束投射神经元，将痛觉信息传递至脑。

Dissociate cortex cells from early postnatal wistar rats (postnatal hour 24) with DMEM were supplemented by horse serum and N〓 medium, and non-neuronal cell division was halted by cytosine arabinoside. As the result, enough neurons with extensive and synaptically active network were produced.

实验各组分别在造模后3、7、15天取材，观察动物一般情况、脑系数、脑组织含水量、脑组织HE、Nissl's、Mallory染色、投射电镜形态学变化以及TUNEL染色显示凋亡细胞等指标变化，并采用计算机图像分析系统对相关形态学指标进行定量分析。

By combining the cre/loxP and Gal4/UAS systems under the control of brn3a-hsp70, the authors zeroed in on the somatic origin and final projection sites of individual tectal neurons.

通过在转录因子brn3a－热休克蛋白70的控制下结合cre/loxP系统（一种对转入基因进行组织特异性、定点操作的基因重组系统）和Gal4/UAS系统，作者在躯体的起点和个体顶盖神经元的最后投射区域调了一个零点。

By combining the cre/loxP and Gal4/UAS systems under the control of brn3a-hsp70, the authors zeroed in on the somatic origin and final projection sites of indiidual tectal neurons.

通过在转录因子brn3a－热休克蛋白70的控制下结合cre/loxP系统（一种对转入基因进行组织特异性、定点操作的基因重组系统）和Gal4/UAS系统，作者在躯体的起点和个体顶盖神经元的最后投射区域调了一个零点。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。