投入的

These three groups show the lowest willingness to pay for the fee of increasing the government's tax revenue. The groups of mass consumption and positive concernment show the highest willingness to pay fee for the use of education in ecological. The group of protecting environment shows the highest willingness to pay for the fee of interpreter's salary. The groups of protecting environment and positive concernment show the difference between the fees of ecological preservation. The groups of mass consumption and positive concernment show the difference fees of ecological education. The group of positive concernment shows the highest willingness to pay fee to the use of interpreter's salary, ecological preservation, increasing governments' tax revenue, and the use about ecological education.

研究结果发现此三集群游客均对於支付解服务费用作为增加政府税收之愿付价格为最低；「大众消费」及「热衷投入」集群均对於支付费用作为生态保育经费之愿付价格最高，「保护环境」集群则对於支付费用作为解员薪资之愿付价格最高；「保护环境」和「热衷投入」集群对於支付费用作为生态保育经费有显著性差；「大众消费」和「热衷投入」集群对於支付费用作为生态教育费用亦有显著性的差；「热衷投入」集群对於支付解服务费用作为解员之薪资、生态保育经费、政府税收和教育经费的愿付价格均是三集群中最高。

The major findings include:(1) By using fuel as the base indicator of relative efficiency, we found the following input factors' distribution inefficiency for domestic airlines: The distribution inefficiency of labor and capital input factors differs from airline to airline, and is becoming more severe with time; the distribution inefficiency of other factors does not differ very much among airlines but varies with time. It is inefficient from 1989 to 1995 but becomes more efficient during 1996 to 1997;(2) Airline companies have higher economies of density before 1996, but tend to show a constant return to density in 1997 when considering allocative distortions. The technical efficiency of input factors as a whole has declined after the open-air policy;(3) The costs of airlines are increasing significantly due to their distribution inefficiencies;(4) The instrument variable generated through a quasi price function does not have significant influence on cost; this may imply that airline companies in this time period did not exhibit the phenomena of high-quality high-price.

其主要结论如下：(1)藉由相对燃油分配效率探讨各投入要素之分配扭曲情形发现：劳动和因定投入要素之分配无效率因公司别而有所不同，且随时间而严重，唯民国86年稍有改善；其他要素之分配无效率则较不因公司别而有所不同，但亦随时间发生变化，初期为无效率，在民国85、86年则较具效率；(2)若考虑分配扭曲情形下，国内航空业在民国85年之前具有较高之密度经济，民国86年则趋向固定密度报酬；此整体投入要素之技术效率而官，在天空开放政策后其技术效率随时间变化而下降，但就燃油投入要素平均技术进步率而言，则其技术效率逐年增加且幅度明显；(3)航空公司因分配无效率所造成成本增加的情形相当明显；(4)准价格工具变数对成本之影响并不明显，此可能反映在此期间国内航空公司似乎并未趋向於高品质高价格之现象。

It was concluded that there was a close relationship between agricultural input and the out-put of nat...

结果表明，我国财政对农业的投入与国民经济投入产出关系密切，农业投入对经济增长的影响显著，但对农业的投入偏低，对经济增长的直接作用不明显。

This paper is mainly the dynamic input-output model that the time lag is one, which is base on the above models. After studying, we consider stochastic factor step by step in it, namely when consumption coefficient matrix is stochastic (when investment matrix is stochastic, it is almost same. So we dont research it), and they are both stochastic, then we research the stable increase solution. We utilize the means of the modern stochastic analysis and Markov process, that the stochastic dynamic input-output model don not exist the stable solution is proved. Namely, economic system must is adjusted constantly. The probability that the collapse time of the economic system is o is one.

本文对在上述基础上构造的一类时滞为1的动态投入产出模型，进行了深入研究，将随机因素逐步考虑进去，即对投入产出消耗系数矩阵为随机的情况(投资系数矩阵为随机的情况与投入产出消耗系数矩阵为随机的情况大致相同，这里就不再证明)，以及二者同时为随机矩阵时所得到的动态投入产出模型的稳定增长解问题，利用现代概率分析及马氏过程的工具，证明了不存在随机动态投入产出模型的稳定增长解；即投入产出模型反映的经济系统必须经常进行调整，其崩溃时间为无穷大的概率为零。

The results indicated that (1) the economy in Zhejiang Province was in the developing stage of unchanged scale wage;(2) the inputoutput elasticity coefficients was the most sensitive to labour element among the factors which had effect of economic growth in Zhejiang Province.The results showed that the coefficient was 0.538 5 in labour element while the coefficients were 0.247 3 in land element and 0.321 6 in fixed asset elements respectively;（3）the contribution of the input of fixed assets was 6823% and still the major impetus to economic growth during this time;(4)the land use was not intensive basically in Zhejiang Province,the input of land elements was replaced by that of other elements during the study.So,labour intensive industry should be one of the industries in the future.

研究结果表明：(1)就规模效应而言，浙江省的经济增长处于规模报酬不变的发展阶段；(2)浙江省经济增长对劳动力要素的投入最为敏感，其中土地要素、劳动力要素和资本要素增加1个单位的投入量对经济增长的推动为 0.247 3、0.538 5 和 0.321 6；（3）固定资产投入在研究期间是浙江省经济增长的主要推动力，其贡献率达到6823%，而劳动力要素与土地要素则分别为2346%和625%；(4)浙江省土地利用不够集约，在研究期间土地要素对经济增长的影响能被资本要素与劳动力要素有效替代，而劳动力要素则难以被资本投入与土地投入有效替代，劳动集约型产业应该成为浙江省未来发展方向之一。

The acceleration profile of the crane motion is designed to induce minimum payload pendulation during transpo rt,while the deceleration stage is designed to ensure freed om of residual oscillation near the end of the transport,and to deliver the payload at the target point.The techniques induce payload pendulation at least one half ofan oscillation cycle or integer multiples during each of the acceleration and deceleration stages.Starr(1995)designed a symmetric two-step acceleration and deceleration profile to transfer a suspended object.The duration on the constant acceleration steps is assumed to be negligible relative to the period of the payload oscillation.A linear approximation method of the oscillation period is used to generate the two-step symmetric acceleration profile.

3.1投入成型技术，各种形式的投入shapers ， convolved参考命令，产生形投入指挥，驾驶起重机提出一套距离沿一套path.the加速度概况起重机议案旨在诱使最低载重pendulation期间transpo rt ，虽然减速阶段，目的是确保freed om残余振荡接近尾声的运输，并交付载荷到达目标point.the技巧诱使载荷pendulation至少一半ofan振荡周期或整数倍数。

The basic relationship between the the first half-wave peak value of transient current and the initial firing angles is found by means of analytical method.The practical method is put forward to determine the initial two-phase and the third phase firing angles with the limiting value and the space vector varying track of transient current.And then the subsequent series of firing angles with the even step are calculated by using the speed at the time of re-switching.The suppressive effect to the inrush current is verified with simulation and experiment of rapid soft re-switching control,by which the influence of different speed to rapid soft re-switching course is analyzed besides.3 To analyze the power loss for typical periodically variable running load and deeply study the energy-saving principle and control mode of the intermittent power supply approach. Futhermore,the novel integrated energy-saving control technique is developed on base of the intermittent power supply approach.

通过解析方法找到快速软投入初始触发角与瞬态电流首半波峰值加热板之间的基本关系，进而提出了由限流值和空间向量轨迹确定初始两相和第三相触发角的方法，并以固定步长均匀递减的方式由投入时转速计算出其它后续触发角；结合仿真和实验验证了快速软投入对冲击电流的抑制作用，并分析了不同转速下投入时对电源快速软投入过程的影响。3对典型周期性变工况负载特性进行能耗分析，深入研究断续供电节能机理和控制模式，并进一步发展了以断续供电为主的综合节能控制新技术。

The basic relationship between the the first half-wave peak value of transient current and the initial firing angles is found by means of analytical method.The practical method is put forward to determine the initial two-phase and the third phase firing angles with the limiting value and the space vector varying track of transient current.And then the subsequent series of firing angles with the even step are calculated by using the speed at the time of re-switching.The suppressive effect to the inrush current is verified with simulation and experiment of rapid soft re-switching control,by which the influence of different speed to rapid soft re-switching course is analyzed besides.3 To analyze the power loss for typical periodically variable running load and deeply study the energy-saving principle and control mode of the intermittent power supply approach. Futhermore,the novel integrated energy-saving control technique is developed on base of the intermittent power supply approach.

通过解析方法找到快速软投入初始触发角与瞬态电流首半波峰值之间的基本关系，进而提出了由限流值和空间向量轨迹确定初始两相和第三相触发角的方法，并以固定步长均匀递减的方式由投入时转速计算出其它后续触发角；结合仿真和实验验证了快速软投入对冲击电流的抑制作用，并分析了不同转速下投入时对电源快速软投入过程的影响。3对典型周期性变工况负载特性进行能耗分析，深入研究断续供电节能机理和控制模式，并进一步发展了以断续供电为主的综合节能控制新技术。

It shows in three aspects:(1) The imbalance of supply and demand of human resources allocation in West China put enormous pressure on the enhancements of natural resources, environment protection and the human resources;(2) The situation of the human resources in West China hiders the local economic from increasing and changing.

西部地区人力资源配置失衡是众多&合力&作用的结果，既有历史的积累，现实的制约；又有自然的压力，体制的束缚等多方面原因。归纳起来，主要有四个方面的原因：主观认识的偏差。主要表现为忽视资源配置的重要作用和对人力资源亥质特征认识的不到位。（2）经济水平的制约。（3）教育投入的不足。（4）配置方式困局限。

The MEADS programme is financed by the three partners in the NATO Medium Extended Air Defense System Management Organization, which are the United States (58 percent), Germany (25 percent) and Italy (17 percent).

MEADS计划资金来自于北约中程增强型防空系统管理组织中的三个合作国家，美国投入58％；德国投入25％；意大利投入17％。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。