投入

This study analysised the condition of Xinjiang's petroleum resource and made an evaluation and it points out that the development of petroleum and natural gas of Xinjiang is still in the developing period in which it aims at discovering the petrol field and increasing its reserves.Although it has a great exploring potential,because of its geograghy limitation and a lack of exploring funds,the exploring level is till low,even lower than the everage level of the whole country. The study is based on theories of industry distributions,its concentration,macroscopic analysis,government regulations and continuing development.From microcosmic and macroscopic aspects,it scientifically and systematically analyses the problems in the development of petroleum industry in Xinjiang.It points that the developments of middle and upper reaches lack a balance and have no rational industry structures.So it is hard to form an integral industry chains.Moreover,the upper reach covers a too much large proportion in the development,so it can not give a strong impetus to other industries.Based it,the paper points the industrial concentration of Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be enhanced and Input to Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be increased.Due to a lack of an established fair and competitive market and government's perfect laws and regulations on petroleum industry,it points that the phenomenon of mixed operation has become common in monolopied business and competitive business,so the systems of petroleum industry needs to be restructured.It states clearly that the country should take the development and benefits of Xinjiang's economy into consideration when making strategies for petroleum development .Besides,the allocation of profits between the center and the local should be well arranged so that we can guarantee the profits of Xinjiang ,considered as a resource area.It also reveals that we should not only overcome limitations of resources,environment,economy and technology on continuring development,but also we should deal with some realistic problems well.For instance,contradictions between the concept of limited resource and continuing development,the relationship between petroleum industry's own features and continuing development,the contradictions between the limits on supply of petroleum and the need of future development of continuing resource ,outdated petroleum technology and the need of advanced technology for continuing development,tremendous damages to environment and requirements of environment protection for continuing development and Xinjiang continuing economic development,outdated policy of industry and continuing development,the relationship between continuing development of Xinjiang petroleum industry and continuing economic development of Xinjiang.

本研究以产业布局理论、产业集中度理论、灰关联分析理论、政府规制理论、可持续发展理论为依据，从微观、宏观两个层面，科学、系统、全面地分析新疆石油产业的发展问题，指出：新疆石油天然气目前仍处于油气田发现和增储的主要发展阶段，开发潜力巨大，但由于地质原因及勘探投入的不足，石油天然气探明程度偏低，低于全国平均水平；新疆石油产业产业结构布局不合理、上中下游发展不平衡，难以形成完整的产业链条，对工业的带动力与其本身具有的经济总量很不匹配；新疆石油开采业和石油加工业属于高度寡头垄断的市场类型，新疆石油化工业属于竞争型的市场结构，要想石油产业对新疆经济有较强的带动作用，新疆石油化工业必须上升到一定的层次和规模，在提高规模的基础上，提高新疆化工业的产业集中度；新疆石油加工业和化工业与农业呈现较高的关联度，加大对石油加工业和化工业的投入，对新疆经济的协调发展有着深远的影响；政府要从石油产业本质特征和发展趋势为着眼点，实施规制改革，分开政府规制政策的制定部门和监管部门职能，建立健全石油产业法律法规体系，对垄断性业务和竞争性业务实施分类规制；国家石油发展战略的制定应兼顾新疆区域经济的发展和利益，应切实处理好新疆与中央的利益分配，切实保证新疆作为资源产区合理的资源收益；新疆石油产业要想得以可持续发展，不仅要克服影响可持续发展的资源、环境、经济和技术等客观因素，还要处理好观念、需求、政策等诸多主观因素。

Rather appealingly, he proposes that the federal government shave 5% off its enormous farm-subsidy programme—which goes mostly to mega-farms—and give it to small businesses.

更加让人感兴趣的是，他建议联邦政府从庞大的农业补助计划（往往这些钱都投入了大型农场）中划出5%，然后把这些钱投入小企业。

In the long run, the "County -level" Administration Mechanism can't radically change the low-lying center of the rural compulsory education investment, and can't provide reliable institutional guarantee and auspice for rural compulsory education.

从长远来看，"以县为主"的教育投入管理体制并未从根本上改变农村义务教育投入重心过低问题，未能为农村义务教育发展提供可靠的制度性保障和支持。

Each output form can be selected by the push-buttons marked 1 to 8 or the inputs can be selected by the push-button Inputs.

每个输出的形式，可以选择由推的按钮，标志著1至8或投入可以选择由按键的投入。

How can human beings must be divided between economic development and environmental protection, the question of resources to make a choice: one in which any increase in allocation of resources in the short term, is bound to decrease the other hand, resource inputs.

人类必须对如何在经济发展与环境保护之间分配资源的问题作出取舍：在其中任何一方面增加资源的投入，在短期，必然会减少另一方面资源的投入。

From the theory aspect, human capital is the main body and headspring of technology innovation as well as the necessary condition for technology diffusion; thus the quantity, configuration, disposition of human capital which one country or area owned will affect its innovation abilities.

从实证分析看，我们选用了我国的R＆D投入产出数据进行了分析，得出了人力资本是影响(来源：ABC论66文网www.abclunwen.com)技术创新的重要因素，增加人力资本投入可以提高技术创新能力。

The first kind is venture capital investment group invested enterprise, this kind of circumstance is common, can reduce investment risks, and to accelerate the capital turnover, The second kind is one-time investment.

第一种是将风险资本分期分批投入被投资企业，这种情况比较常见，既可以降低投资风险，又有利于加速资金周转；第二种是一次性投入。

But because America's space agency, NASA, spends most of its money on the space station and the shuttle, little is left over for the innovative research and development in areas such as these that many people think it should be carrying out in the first place.

但是 ，由于美国空间机构——美国国家航空航天局，每年把大部分资金都投入到国际空间站和航天飞机上，在那些许多人认为应该优先进行创新研究和开发的领域里投入的资金就很少了。

The total investment of the project is estimated at USD 1 million, of which fixed asset takes up USD 250,000 and circulating capital accounts for USD 750,000 and payback period will be three years.

计划项目总投资800万元，其中固定资产投入200万元，流动资金投入600万元，投资回收期3年。项目合作方式：合作。

Methods of measuring the input components, their prices and output elements are given. We put forward some new methods in measuring components, including composite depreciation rate, equality working hours, and proxy of input resources. Using the mature methods of efficiency measurement and decomposition available, we make a detailed investigation into 4 listing companies of oil industry with a span of 12 periods. Basic conclusions we draw include: labor inputs affects oil field output mostly in China; China oil fields operates in a low technical efficiency level average of 0.61; Increasing difficulties with expanding output has the greatest influence on cost; Cost efficiency of China oil fields averages at 1.47; Total factor productivity of China oil fields averages at 10%, accounting for 79% of the total output growth rate of 12.6%; Frontier technology progress contributes the most to TFP of China oil fields with 17 percentage points.

本文沿用了已有文献中关于效率计量与分解的成熟方法，对我国三家油田上市公司与一家上市石油公司12个时期的技术效率与成本效率进行了详细的计量、分解与分析，得到的基本结论有：劳动力投入是影响我国油田上市公司产出的最重要的影响因素；油田的平均技术效率仅为0.61；产出项是影响成本的显著因素，这说明随着产出增加而出现的开采难度增加是导致开采成本增加的重要因素；油田的平均成本效率为1.47；全要素生产率的增长平均在10％左右，占到了产出平均增长率12.6％的79％，表明我国油田的生产率的提高主要是依靠全要素生产率的提高而实现的，只有21％左右的产出增长是依靠要素投入而实现的；前沿技术进步是油田全要素生产率增长的主要源泉，在2001～2004年期间，前沿技术进步对油田生产率的贡献高达17个百分点。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷