投保人

The moral hazards resulted in by the asymmetric information among applicant, insured and beneficiary include insurance risk increase caused by indulgence and intent after the conclusion of insurance contract; causing insurance accidents with intent; failing to inform in time after insurance accident; reporting more or higher loss to gain excess insurance benefits; falsifying insurance accident to gain unjust interest.

投保人、被保险人和受益人因信息不对称所致的道德风险表现在合同缔结后放任或者故意造成保险风险增加；故意造成保险事故的发生；在保险事故发生后没有及时通知；保险事故发生后，多报或者高报损失以获取超额保险金；没有发生保险事故却谎称发生保险事故以获取不正当利益等。

The case in the text reflects an issue which often arisen in the insurance practice, that is how to regulate the problem of insurance vacuum between the policy-holder's application for insurance and the acceptance of underwriter.

本文开头所举的案例反映了我国保险实践中经常出现的一个问题，即如何规范从投保人提出投保申请到保险人承诺前这段时间的&保险真空&问题。

To deceive insurants, the insured or beneficiaries

欺骗投保人、被保险人或者受益人

It has been approved by history in many countries that insurance broker companies are beneficial to promoting the development of insurance, regulating insurance market, safeguarding the right of insurants, and strengthening the connections between domestic insurance market and international market.

作为成熟保险市场不可或缺的组成部分，保险经纪的诞生对促进我国保险业发展、规范保险市场、维护投保人利益、推动国内保险市场与国际接轨等方面具有重要意义，各国保险业发展的历史和经验无不证明了这一点。

All companies shall give necessary risk warning to insurants when promoting your own insurance products, so as to make the general public further aware of the harms of underground insurance policies and improve their awareness of protecting rights.

各公司在宣传自身保险产品的同时，要对投保人进行必要的风险提示，让公众进一步了解地下保单的危害性，提高其维权意识。

This article makes emphasis to discuss the notified obligation for the applicants, insurers' compensative obligation, insurants' request right of returning insurance premium and so on.

本文中着重对投保人的通知义务、保险人的赔偿责任、被保险人的保费返还请求权等加以分析论述。

Notice obligation means that the applicant should inform the double insurance facts to various insurers in order to avoid paying more insurance than insurants' actual losses after insurance accident happened.

通知义务是指投保人应将重复保险的事实通知各保险人，以免在保险事故发生后，各保险人所给付的保险金总和超过被保险人所遭受的实际损失。

The treatment of the policyholders of the Equitable has been one of the shabbiest episodes of this government.

对公平人寿投保人的处理是这届政府最不公平的劣迹之一。

Then, we discussed the different subjective judgment between insurers and proposers at different info-environment, analyzed the insurance market equilibrium under incomplete market.

然后分析了保险公司与投保人在不同信息环境下对风险发生概率的主观价值判断，研究了不同信息环境下的保险市场均衡问题。

In the second half of this paper, we applied the non-expected utility model based on info-modification to analyze the principle of insurance market equilibrium, indicated the fact that price equilibrium can gained in insurance market lies in the different risk environment and information accumulated between insurers and proposers, this offer a better understanding of the determinants of insurance market behavior.

本文后半部分运用前面所建立的基于信息修正的非期望效用模型，研究分析了保险市场价格均衡原理，指出保险市场实现价格均衡本质原因在于保险公司和投保人所处的不同风险环境以及双方在经验信息积累上的差异，更好地刻画了影响保险市场行为的关键因素，为实际市场行为提供了更合理自然的解释。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。