抑制的

When EGTA (Ca〓 chelator), Verapmil and LaCl〓(Ca〓 channel blockers) were used to treat tomato fruit at green mature and strawberry fruit at white stage with ethylene, they could reverse ethylene-induced increase in ethylene production in tomato and strawberry, PG activity, lycopene content, soluble protein content in cell wall in tomato and degradation in soluble protein in strawberry, which indicated blocking Ca〓 channel in plasma membrane or chelating Ca〓 can decrease intracellular Ca〓, further inhibite ethylene-induced maturation, ripening and senescence of fruit.

用质膜钙通道阻断剂异博定、钙通道Ca〓竞争性抑制剂以及Ca〓专一性螯合剂与乙烯一起处理绿熟期番茄果实和乳白期草莓果实，均可抑制乙烯诱导番茄和草莓的乙烯生成、番茄PG活性的提高、番茄红素含量的增加和细胞壁可溶性蛋白含量的增加以及草莓可溶性蛋白的分解，表明阻断质膜Ca〓通道或螯合胞外Ca〓以减少胞内Ca〓能抑制乙烯对果实的催熟作用，间接证明乙烯对果实成熟衰老的诱导与胞外Ca〓内流引起的胞质Ca〓浓度的增加密切相关，表明乙烯信号转导可能与钙信使有关，调节胞质Ca〓浓度可调节乙烯对果实的催熟作用。

Each medicine used in the study totally has obivious effect on lens sodium-pump. Either on the molecular and cellular level or on the histological and organic level , they all have their distinctive demonstration. 1.Ouabain、Digoxine、DMSO decrease the expression of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level , the cell morphology and ultramicroscopic structure demonstrated destructive effect,it indicates the cause of cataract of the medicines.2.D-thyroxine、Amphotericin B、Vitamin E increase the expression of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level ,from the demonstration of the cell morphology and ultramicroscopic structure ,it indicates the medicines have protective or anti-distructive effect on lens.3.The medicines have isoform-specific action on lens sodium-pump,it indicates exploitting isoform-specific medicine has a promising clinical application.4. Lens sodium-pumps are inhibited probably lead to cataract, so in clinical medication, especially to the cardiovascular doctor, while he is using the sodium-pump inhibitors, he should pay more attention to adjust the dosage and duration of the drug therapy. 5. To creat the animal model of cataract through inhibiting lens sodium-pump, whether it can be a kind of classical method or not, it is worthy of further research.

本研究所选用的药物对晶状体钠泵均有明显的影响作用，在分子水平、细胞水平、组织器官水平均有特异的表现：1、哇巴因、地高辛、二甲基亚砜三种药物可降低晶状体钠泵α亚单位在 mRNA水平的表达，在细胞形态和超微结构上表现为损伤效应，提示了其潜在的导致白内障的可能。2、D甲状腺素、两性霉素B、维生素 E三种药物可升高晶状体钠泵α亚单位在 mRNA水平的表达，从细胞形态和超微结构上的表现，提示了其对晶状体有保护作用或抗损伤效应。3、药物作用于晶状体钠泵具有重整异构特异性，提示了开发出特异的具有重整异构作用的药物是极有临床应用前景的。4晶状体钠泵抑制后可能导致白内障的发生，故临床用药，尤其是心内科医生在使用这些钠泵抑制剂时应注意调整用药剂量及药物疗程。5 通过抑制晶状体钠泵来制作白内障动物模型能否成为一种经典的制作方法，还有待于进一步研究。

The growth inhibiting rate of T24 cell lines were detected by MTT methods, apoptosis of cells were detected by flow cytometry, the mechanism of apoptosis was analyzed by detecting the protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and cytoplastic protein Cytochrome C. 4 We injected live T24 cells into the subcutaneous space of nude mice and successfully built up the animal model of bladder carcinoma. The effect of CS-PAA-EPI polymer magnetic microspheres targeting chemotherapy was investigated by HE staining, TUNEL ,tumor weight and volume inhibition rate. Results: 1 TEM revealed that the CS-PAA polymer magnetic microspheres were regular spherical shape,the average diameter was 80nm in dry condition. By controlling the pH value of the medium,polymers had positive or negative zeta potential. VSM showed the CS-PAA polymer magnetic microspheres had superparamagnetic. The diameter of CS-PAA-EPI polymer magnetic microspheres were 200nm in solution by DLS examining,the embedding ratio was 20%,the EPI loading rate was 15%, which was higer than reported in other articles. 2 Raw eye observation found that the rat"s bladder of treatment group was brown color,which meaned the aggregation of iron particles, compared with the control group, iron stain found iron particles were assembled in rat"s bladder of the treatment group, the amount of iron particles in liver and spleen were less obviously.

研究结果：1合成的CS-PAA磁性聚合物微球呈球形，大小均一，TEM测定其干态下粒径为80nm左右，磁化曲线证实具有超顺磁性，具有一定的PH敏感性，固载表柔比星后，水溶液性状稳定，无沉淀物，DLS测定直径约200nm左右，测定载药率为15％，较文献报道高，包封率为20％。2肉眼观察试验组大鼠膀胱表面呈褐色，可见大量的Fe粒子聚集，普鲁士兰染色法显示，试验组大鼠膀胱壁内有大量的Fe粒子，分布至膀胱壁全层，与对照组大鼠相比，试验组大鼠的肝、脾内的Fe粒子聚集量明显降低；HPLC测定结果与Fe染色相同；高剂量磁性CS-PAA-EPI生理盐水组及单纯EPI生理盐水组均在给药后14天出现血肌酐和尿素氮的升高，其他组大鼠血生化指标没有明显变化。3MTT法发现，高、中、低剂量磁性CS-PAA-EPI生理盐水组在外加磁场的协同作用下杀伤T24细胞效应明显高于单纯的EPI生理盐水组，FCM发现试验药物组可引起明显的肿瘤细胞凋亡，试验药物治疗组细胞胞浆内出现了由线粒体释放出的细胞色素C，试验组细胞Bcl-2蛋白减少，Bax蛋白变化不明显，Caspase-3、Caspase-9蛋白受到了激活活化。4高、中、低剂量磁性CS-PAA-EPI生理盐水组的瘤重抑制率和瘤体积抑制率均明显高于单纯的EPI生理盐水组(P＜0.01)，其中高剂量组的抑制率最高。

Seven grapevine cultivars originated from different regions, i. e.'Carbernet Sauvignon' and'Queen of Vineyard'(two members of the Western Europe Cultivars Group),'Rizamat'(a member of the East Cultivars Group),'Red Double Taste'(a hybridized cultivar from Vitis vinifera L. and V. labrusca L.),'1103Paulsen','Red Globe'and 'Autumn Royal'(two new hybridized cultivars between cultivars groups which were warmly planted in recent years) were selected. After different drought stress, a combined measurement of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence was conducted to evaluate the effects of drought stress to photoinhibition, as well as the role of photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle in photoprotective mechanism. After photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle were separately inhibited, the complementary effect of these two photoprotective pathways was discussed. Detached leaves of different grapevine cultivars, i. e.'Cabernet Sauvignon','Cabernet Franc','Merlot', and a rootstock,'1103Paulsen'were selected as materials, and photoinhibition degree, photorespiration activity as well as its photoprotective function under drought stress were studied. The results are as follows: 1. Under the same drought stress treatment, different photoinhibition degrees formed in different grapevine cultivars.

本研究选择不同起源地的葡萄品种－－包括西欧品种群的赤霞珠和葡萄园皇后、东方品种群的里扎马特、欧美杂种红双味、美洲种砧木1103Paulsen，以及近年来发展较快的品种群间杂交新品种红地球和皇家秋天等七个品种盆栽苗，在进行不同程度的干旱胁迫处理后，利用气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数同步测定的方法，研究干旱对其光抑制程度的影响，以及光呼吸和叶黄素循环组分在其光保护中的作用；并在分别抑制光呼吸和叶黄素循环的基础上，探讨了赤霞珠葡萄两种光保护机制的互补效应；同时选择不同的酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠、品丽珠、梅鹿辄和砧木1103Paulsen的叶片，研究其离体干旱条件下光抑制程度、光呼吸活性及其光保护作用，结果发现： 1。

The results showed aqueous shoot extracts of Euphorbia maculata could inhibit seed germination speed in all the four species, reduce seed germination rate in Lycopersicon esculentum, Schizonepeta tenuifolia and Capsicum frutescents, and its effects increased with the increase of extracts concentration, while having no effects on seed germination of Edible umaranth.

结果表明，斑地锦浸提液可降低四种蔬菜种子的发芽速率，抑制番茄、辣椒和荆芥的发芽率，并且这种抑制作用随处理浓度的提高而加强，而对苋菜种子的发芽率无显著影响；0.4 g/ml的斑地锦浸提液强烈抑制了四种蔬菜根的生长，却不同程度地促进了辣椒、荆芥和苋菜茎的生长，对根/茎比的影响与对种子发芽率的影响类似。

Zn-La alloys increase the overpotential ofhydrogen evolution, Tafel slope 〓 and polarization, decrease the corrosion current density, inhibitthe corrosion of zinc electrode in alkaline solution, decrease anode Tafel slope 〓, promotedischarge reaction of zinc electrode, have higher passivation current density, inhibit thepassivation of zinc electrode, avoid the oversaturation of zincate in electrolyte, greatly increase〓 diffusion coefficient, decrease Tafel slope 〓, polarization and the overpotential of deposition,inhibit the dendrites formation and improve the electrodepostion of Zn.

实验结果表明，Zn-La合金电极显著改善了锌电极的各项电化学性能：提高析氢过电位、析氢过程Tafel斜率〓和极化，减小腐蚀电流密度，抑制锌电极在碱液中的腐蚀；降低阳极Tafel斜率〓，促进了锌电极的放电反应；具有较高的维钝电流密度，抑制锌电极的钝化；有效避免了溶液中锌酸盐的过饱和现象：使〓的扩散系数明显增大：降低Zn沉积过程的Tafel斜率〓、极化和沉积过电位，明显抑制锌枝晶的生长，改善了锌的电沉积性能。

Second, residues in the reactive site of the inhibitor were replaced by the consensus substrate recognition sequence of furin, namely, Arg at P_1, Lys at P_2, Arg at P_4 and Arg at P_6. In addition, the P_7 residue Asp was substituted with Ala to avoid possible electrostatic interference with furin inhibition. Finally, the extra N and C terminal residues beyond the doubly conjugated disulfide loops were further truncated. However, all resultant synthetic peptides were found to be temporary inhibitors of furin and kexin during a prolonged incubation, with the scissile peptide bond between P1 and P'1 cleaved to different extents by the enzymes.

高活性、低分子量的furin酶抑制剂有可能发展成为新型的抗细菌内毒素和抗病毒感染的药物，我们以绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂Lys片段长链22肽为模板，设计了一系列能抑制furin和kexin活性的突变体，采用如下三种方法逐步优化：一、去除Lys片段长链三对二硫键中的一对，用Ser替换Cys，减少可能存在的二硫键错误配对；二、抑制剂的活性中心根据furin底物的专一性逐步改变，即P1、P2、P4和P6位分别变为Arg、Lys、Arg和Arg，同时为了避免P7 Asp和P6 Arg之间可能存在的相互作用，将P7位Asp替换为Ala；三、将两对二硫键形成的双环的外面5个氨基酸残基去除。

The dynamic changes of the the neuron apoptosis and correlative genes in hippocampus of ACET-groups and twice-ACET-groups suggested that ACET can slower the apoptosis by inhibiting p~(53)and prolong the ascending period of p~(53) in 4 days after the seizure,this effect would weaken after 4 days.ACET may inhibit the descending of Bax,prolong its descending period and then promote its expression,in order to weaken the inhibition of the apoptosis during 4 to 10 days after seizure and then promote the apoptosis during 10 to 14 days after.This effect of ACET can be enhanced after treating again within 7 to 14 days later.

埋线组和二次埋线组大鼠海马神经元凋亡及相关基因表达的动态变化结果提示：埋线治疗在癫痫发作后的早期(4d内)可通过抑制促凋亡基因p~(53)蛋白表达、延缓其达峰值的时程，从而减缓神经元凋亡的发生，此作用在4d后减弱；埋线治疗抑制大鼠海马神经元凋亡的作用在癫痫发作后的中期(4d～10d)减弱，甚至在远期(10d～14d)出现促进凋亡的作用，可能是通过抑制Bax蛋白表达的下降、延长其降至低峰值的时程，促进Bax蛋白表达的回升的结果；在中远期(7d～14d)内予二次埋线治疗对该效应有续效叠加的作用。

Huang-hua' pear fruit was a typical climacteric fruit after harvest, and the fruit senescence-related factors, such as LOX activity, 02" content, AOS activity, ACC synthase activity, ACC content, ACC oxidase activity and ethylene production, changed with peaks at 20 "C. The activities of LOX, AOS, ACC synthase, ACC oxidase and the accumulation of O2 ", ACC content and ethylene synthesis were inhibited when stored at 1癈. And the severity of flesh floss and fruit decay was lightened. Low temperature combined with polyethylene film bag packing (PEF1 and PEF2) could further decrease the rate of weight loss, flesh floss, and fruit decay and keep preferable freshness. When PEF1 and PEF2 packing fruits were transferred to shelf life at 20 "C after storage at 1癈. The activities of LOX, AOS, ACC synthase, ACC oxidase could be suppressed and the accumulation of 02 , ACC content and ethylene production were slowed down to a certain extent, especially during the shelf life after 60 d storage. PEF1 and PEF2 packing fruit could maintain higher firmness as well, and the effects became more distinct along with the storage period, there existed no significant difference between PEF1 and PEF2 treatments.

试验结果表明，在20℃下，LOX活性、O2-水平、AOS活性、ACC合成酶活性、ACC含量、ACC氧化酶活性及乙烯的生成，均呈峰形变化；1℃处理可抑制LOX、AOS、ACC合成酶、ACC氧化酶的活性和O2-、ACC的积累，抑制贮藏果实的乙烯合成，减轻果肉发绵和果实腐烂。1℃下贮藏的果实，若结合不同聚乙烯薄膜袋(PEF1和PEF2)小包装，可以进一步降低果肉发绵率和果实腐烂率，保持果实新鲜度；当果实经过一段时间贮藏后，转移到20℃下，在货架期间，PEF1和PEF2对果实成熟衰老各个相关因子均有不同程度的抑制效应，主要表现在贮藏60d后的货架期间，同时维持较高的果实硬度，对硬度的影响随着贮藏时间的延长愈加明显，PEF1和PEF2处理效果之间无显著差异。

The results implied that NO/ROS-induced ABA accumulation come from de novo synthesis pathway rather than degration of conjugated forms. The protein synthesis inhibitor actidone blocked the NO-induced ABA accumulation while having no effects on ROS-induced ABA accumulation, indicating that the action of NO was gene-expression dependent and that of ROS was gene-expression independent. These results suggested that NO may serve as a stress signal in the regulation of ABA-biosynthesis and ROS may serve as substrate in ABA biosynthesis or be involved in the regulation of enzyme activities.

1ABA合成抑制剂fluridone抑制ROS和NO诱导的ABA积累，表明NO／ROS诱导的ABA积累来源于ABA的从新合成而不是已有结合态ABA的代谢；(2)蛋白质合成抑制剂环己亚胺可以抑制NO诱导的ABA积累而对ROS诱导的ABA积累没有影响，说明NO的作用涉及基因表达而ROS的作用与基因表达无关，暗示NO的作用方式可能是作为一种干旱胁迫信号物质参与ABA合成的调节，而ROS则可能参与了相关酶活性的调节或直接参与了ABA合成的底物反应。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。