技术基础

The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

Finally, from the view of application layer, the paper discusses how to ef?cientlycombine the dynamic maintenance with two important technologies (including virtualworkspace service and interoperations) to resolve con?icts from increasing massiveVO users and resourceless problem in grid.

最后，从应用动态维护技术的角度出发，探讨动态维护技术与网格计算中的两个主流趋势如何进行有效结合，来缓解由于大量虚拟组织用户访问网格基础架构时可能产生的资源匮乏矛盾。

The thesis lays a technical foundation for the application of retarder to the vehicles in China and its development.

论文工作为今后缓行器在我国应用中的使用技术和电涡流缓行器的研发技术铺垫基础。

Based on the advanced technology introduced from same industry, we have been successful in developing medicinal rotameter series of products, specially produced for factories producing anesthesia machine, which has now been broadly applied in products of companies like Beijing Yian, Beijing Changfeng, Shenzhen Mairui, America GE, etc.

在充分引进吸收同行先进技术的基础上，已成功开发出医用转子流量计系列产品，专为麻醉机生产厂家配套生产，现已广泛应用于北京谊安、北京长峰、深圳迈瑞、美国通用电器等厂商产品，并远销日本、韩国，以一流的产品质量和精湛的技术服务受到了用户的一致好评。

Introduced the mathematics theories foundation of the symplectic schemes, include the commonly established methods for construction symplectic schemes, which are symplectic Runge- Kutta method, symplectic propagation techniques and generating function method. A minimization of the truncation error-function and optimal Courant-Friedrichs-Levy number schemes are well established using sympletic propagation techniques.

介绍了辛算法的数学理论基础，包括辛算法常见的构造方法：辛Runge-Kutta法，辛传播子技术及生成函数法，利用辛传播子技术结合误差最小化及稳定性Courant-Fredrichs-Lewy条件数最大化的两种优化方案，构造了新的传播子系数；(2)。

Our company has designed and produced successfully series of Fast Response Sampler which are the newest units for sampling by absorbing the advanced technology from abroad They boast a series of strong points,such as fast response to the sampling,simple operation,high accuracy and so on,It is an ideal unit for sampling.

科学技术的进步，推动着检测技术的发展，我公司在学习国外先进技术的基础上研制成功，并已投入生产快速取样器系列产品，是最新颖的取样装置，它具有取样快速、制样简单、质量优良等一系列优点，是一种理想的取样工具。

Based on the retrofit of scrubber for years, the author presents a summary of the techniques and experience being...

本文在多年不断进行技术改造的基础上，总结出一些技术和经验，可供同类采用此种除尘器的电厂借鉴。

The thesis consists of six chapters. In the first, the technologies of atomic force microscopy and of the measurement elasticity of biomolecules were introduced. In the second, the validity of VSPFM was confirmed by lift mode atomic force microscopy. In this chapter, the height of DNA was measured by lift mode atomic force microscopy, which demonstrated that the method of height measurement of biomolecules by VSPFM was correct and established the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by vibrating mode scanning polarization force microscopy. In the third chapter, detailed work has been illustrated on the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by VSPFM. And the compressive elasticity of DNA was measured. In fourth and fifth chapters, the method was applied in the measurement elasticity of proteins. Two proteins elasticity, fibre-like protein α-synuclein and global protein IgG, were measured by VSPFM, through which the method wound its way to the application of biomolecules. In last chapter, the final part of the thesis was a summary. A conclusion of the thesis and a self-comment on my work as a PhD candidate have been made, and expectation about the further works has been addressed.

本论文共分为六章，第一章，引言部分主要介绍了原子力显微镜技术及生物大分子弹性测量技术；第二章主要是VSPFM方法的正确性论证，介绍抬高模式原理，利用抬高模式原子力显微镜对DNA的高度进行测量，论证振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的高度的正确性以及准确性，从而为振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的弹性方法的建立奠定基础；第三章以脱氧核糖核酸为例详细介绍了振动模式极化力显微镜测量生物大分子弹性的方法的建立，对DNA的压弹性进行了初步的测量和分析；第四章和第五章介绍了振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用：α-synuclein和IgG分别是纤维状蛋白和球状颗粒蛋白，通过振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量这两种蛋白质的弹性，摸索振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用；第六章对全文进行了总结，在对论文的工作进行归纳和自我评价之后，还对进一步的工作进行了展望。

Needle coke is based on the original device of 20,000 tons / year pilot needle coke industry, through self-digestion and absorption of advanced technologies, pre-processing of raw materials take the technology of standing settlement and solvent separation to remove the Quinoline insoluble_from_ materials.

针状焦项目是在原山东民生煤化有限公司2万吨/年针状焦工业试验装置基础上，通过自我消化吸收国际成熟先进技术，原料预处理采用溶剂处理静置沉降分离技术来除掉原料中喹啉不溶物。

The technology of the sensor is one of the important basis of modern information technology.

传感器技术是现代信息技术的重要基础之一。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。