技术基础

Positioning rural infrastructure is thought to be closely related with the strategy of environmental planning.

中国新农村基础设施建设是解决"三农"问题的关健，农村基础设施的定位与环境规划战略息息相关，如何进行新农村基础设施的环境规划，避免环境恶化等矛盾激化，增强现代技术的集聚效益和自然历史的传承，对自然环境和社会环境科学规划，分析中国新农村环境规划与塑造农村基础设施的内在联系和两者的交互作用关系，提出选择适应的中国新农村基础设施需求进行环境规划理念创新的对策与建议，以期为中国新农村基础设施的环境规划的发展提供科学的依据，让农村资源通过农村基础设施的环境规划战略的有机结合，得到最大限度地和谐发展和可持续利用。

As a special plan, it is highly summarized the basis for mapping the city's main achievements in recent years, pointing out the current development trend of the information age, and from the organization, financial, technical, security and other aspects of proposed safeguards, in order to Hebi City the completion of the socialist market economic system and practical basis for mapping the local management system and operational mechanism to achieve 1:5000 digital topographic map of the city's coverage, 1:2000,1:1000 and 1:500 scale digital topographic map series covering the key areas and the current trend of dynamic, fast updates, and built municipal basic geographic information and data systems and their transmission network system, and build e-government improve the Hebi City-based natural resources and spatial geographic information database, to build "digital Hebi" geo-spatial information infrastructure framework, and can basically meet the economic and social development of basic surveying and mapping needs of protection and support.

作为专项规划，它高度总结了该市基础测绘工作近年来所取得的主要成就，指明了当今信息化时代的发展趋势，并从组织、财力、技术、安全等方面提出了保障措施，为鹤壁市建成适应社会主义市场经济体制和本地实际的基础测绘管理体制和运行机制，实现1：5000数字化地形图的全市覆盖，1：2000、1：1000及1：500数字化系列比例尺地形图的重点区域覆盖和现势性动态快速更新，建成市级基础地理信息数据体系及其传输网络体系，建成完善鹤壁市电子政务自然资源与空间地理基础信息库，构建"数字鹤壁"地理空间信息基础框架，以及基本满足国民经济和社会发展对基础测绘的需求提供了保障和支撑。

The security of PKI system itself is especially emphasized during the system design and implementation process, which is in accordance with the pervasive characteristic of PKI. Second, the concept of a Trusted Key Management Center is introduced for the first time. This technology greatly strengthens key management practices and allows for smooth transition from PKI to Key Management Infrastructure. Third, certificate status mechanisms are investigated in depth, and a certificate revocation performance simulation system is devised. All these work will provide guides to practice and employment of PKI applications. Based on time constraints, a new taxonomy for authenticated dictionaries is proposed. Fourth, formal analysis ofOCSP protocol is carried out; then an efficient and scalable OCSP system is developed. Fifth, the special requirements caused by the working environments of Wireless PKI are analyzed. Based on communicative hashing and dynamic Merkle hash tree, an efficient certificate status validation method suitable for WPKI is presented. Sixth, one important kind of fair exchange protocols is studied, and a new CEMBS based on RSA cryptosystem is proposed. Afterwards, a novel fair exchange protocol totally based on RSA signature scheme is devised.

在系统设计和实现的过程中，考虑到PKI作为普适性安全基础平台的特点，特别强调PKI系统自身的安全性；第二，首次在PKI系统的设计中提出了"可信密钥管理中心"的概念，这一独特设计大大地强化了密钥管理功能的实施，为PKI向密钥管理基础设施的平滑过渡提供了良好的技术准备；第三，对证书状态验证机制进行了深入研究，设计了证书状态模拟系统，以指导PKI系统和应用的部署和实施；在此基础上，基于时间约束首次给出了认证字典的一种新的分类方法；第四，对OCSP协议进行了形式化分析，设计和实现了一种高效、可扩展的OCSP系统；第五，分析了WPKI工作环境对设计安全基础平台提出的特殊要求，结合无线移动设备的具体特点，基于可交换杂凑函数和动态Merkle杂凑树设计出了一种适用于WPKI环境的高效证书状态查询机制；第六，对一类公平交换协议进行了深入的研究，从设计公平交换协议的密码基础结构出发，提出了一种新型的基于RSA密码体制的高效CEMBS；在此工作的基础上，设计了一种基于RSA密码体制的最优化公平交换协议。

The security of PKI system itself is especially emphasized during the system design and implementation process, which is in accordance with the pervasive characteristic of PKI. Second, the concept of a Trusted Key Management Center is introduced for the first time. This technology greatly strengthens key management practices and allows for smooth transition from PKI to Key Management Infrastructure . Third, certificate status mechanisms are investigated in depth, and a certificate revocation performance simulation system is devised. All these work will provide guides to practice and employment of PKI applications. Based on time constraints, a new taxonomy for authenticated dictionaries is proposed. Fourth, formal analysis of OCSP protocol is carried out; then an efficient and scalable OCSP system is developed. Fifth, the special requirements caused by the working environments of Wireless PKI are analyzed. Based on communicative hashing and dynamic Merkle hash tree, an efficient certificate status validation method suitable for WPKI is presented. Sixth, one important kind of fair exchange protocols is studied, and a new CEMBS based on RSA cryptosystem is proposed. Afterwards, a novel fair exchange protocol totally based on RSA signature scheme is devised.

在系统设计和实现的过程中，考虑到PKI作为普适性安全基础平台的特点，特别强调PKI系统自身的安全性；第二，首次在PKI系统的设计中提出了"可信密钥管理中心"的概念，这一独特设计大大地强化了密钥管理功能的实施，为PKI向密钥管理基础设施的平滑过渡提供了良好的技术准备；第三，对证书状态验证机制进行了深入研究，设计了证书状态模拟系统，以指导PKI系统和应用的部署和实施；在此基础上，基于时间约束首次给出了认证字典的一种新的分类方法；第四，对OCSP协议进行了形式化分析，设计和实现了一种高效、可扩展的OCSP系统；第五，分析了WPKI工作环境对设计安全基础平台提出的特殊要求，结合无线移动设备的具体特点，基于可交换杂凑函数和动态Merkle杂凑树设计出了一种适用于WPKI环境的高效证书状态查询机制；第六，对一类公平交换协议进行了深入的研究，从设计公平交换协议的密码基础结构出发，提出了一种新型的基于RSA密码体制的高效CEMBS；在此工作的基础上，设计了一种基于RSA密码体制的最优化公平交换协议。

Therefore, it bears great significance to study technology transfer on the ground of firm network.In this research, based on the relevant study of technology transfer and firm networks, we conclude the factors influencing technology transfer and put forward the conceptual framework of this research.

本论文在对已有的关于技术转移、企业网络相关文献进行研究的基础上，归纳了技术转移绩效的影响因素，构建了企业网络背景下技术转移绩效影响因素研究的概念模型，从技术接受方的角度，全面地研究了技术转移方特性、接受方特性、技术特性内部各维度、技术转移方和接受方的沟通互动对技术转移绩效的影响，以及企业网络结构的两个维度——关系的社会聚合度和组织合作范围对技术转移绩效的作用。

The implementing process of TI in EMS is partitioned into two periods including product conception development and product technology development. The model of product conception development is built which is composed of demands identifying, technological modules identifying and conception appraisement. In the period of product technology development, the identification model of knowledge on new product is constructed at first. Enterprises should beware of selection and integration of the relative domain-specific knowledge, and do product innovation continuously by product platform approach based on the integration of outer technology resource efficiently. The view is put forward that Chinese EMI enterprises should do TI with self-innovation, and only by this way could enterprises build undependent technological capability and keeping product innovation continuously.

针对复杂产品概念设计过程建立由需求识别、技术模块明晰和评价反馈二部分组成的产品概念设计模型，认为成功的产品概念设计是经过以上流程所最终确定的；产品技术开发阶段，首先建立了新产品技术知识的识别模型；企业在产品技术开发过程中应该注意领域知识的选择与集成，在有效利用外部技术源的基础上，实现基于产品平台的产品创新；以大连机车车辆厂、哈尔滨电机厂等我国知名装备制造业企业为例，提出我国装备制造业企业在应用技术集成方法过程中，应该注重将技术集成与自主创新近性有机结合，以期有效突破企业产品技术发展过程中的瓶颈，实现产品技术的持续创新。

Urgently, it is necessary and faces new opportunities that to have Business Intelligence application in China's agricultural informatization construction. The BI-based Agricultural Informatization System syncretizes technologies such as computer network and communications, BI, Knowledge Engineering and Expert System, Decision Support System, 3S technology, Multimedia Network, and comprehensive information integration.

基于商务智能的农业信息化系统融合了计算机网络与通信技术、商务智能的关键技术、知识工程与专家系统技术、决策支持系统技术、3S技术、多媒体网络技术、信息技术综合集成技术等多种关键技术，在一定的软硬件及开发工具的基础上，将根据需求设计系统模块结构，从而设计出系统总体框架及功能。

This paper's second unit put the phonmenon of"Bi-Unit Stracture"blame on science-technology policy in international political orientating and non-economic orientating and the unit economic institution which lack of compitition since Liberation in macroscopic sense, and blame on the enterprises , espacially the countryside enterprises' peculiar groth mechanism in microscopic sense, so the paper's second unit analyses emphatically the Su-Nan aeras' countryside enterprises' growth background, developing's technical route, technical resources' mode of earning, technical resources' state of using, the"long distance spreading"of technology, the "mid-distance and short distance spreading"of technology, the transfer of technology and its grade, etc.

为此，本文的第二单元在重在剖析苏南地区乡镇企业的发育背景，发展的技术路径，技术资源的获得方式，技术资源的使用状况，技术扩散，技术的&远程扩散&，技术的&中近程扩散&，技术转移及转移的品位等问题，并对苏南地区中小企业进行界定，在此基础上，探讨科企分立&二元结构&在苏南地区中小企业的具体表现形式，强调了技术转移，并致力于提高技术转移品位是跨越科企分立&二元结构&的有效途径，对此还进行了案例分析。

The paper describes the selection principle of primary schemes for C-GIS and determines the general structure arrangement by comparing different elements and box structure, analyzes the insulating characteristics of SF6 gas and calculates the SF6 gas clearance and along surface insulation. It puts forward the factors that should be considered and strength analysis methods when designing gas chamber structure and analyzes the reasons of influencing the temperature rise of gas chamber and offers the ways of radiating. The vacuum circuit breaker and three-position disconnector are designed for C-GIS and special micro-computer controller for the three-position disconnector is developed. On the basis of new type sensors, suitable control and protection system for C-GIS is suggested. The type test items for C-GIS and its internal elements are introduced to prove that the development is successful.

本文论述了C-GIS产品的一次接线方案选择的原则，在比较各种元件构成及箱体结构的基础上确定了产品的总体结构；分析了SF6气体的绝缘特性，并对SF6气体间隙及沿面绝缘进行了工程计算；阐述了气室设计应考虑的主要因素及强度分析方法，对影响气室温升的原因进行了剖析，并提出散热措施；介绍了C-GIS用真空断路器及三工位隔离开关的设计技术；运用微机技术开发了专用的三工位隔离开关控制器；在阐述新型传感技术的基础上，提出了适用于C-GIS的控制和保护系统；简述了C-GIS产品及内部元件的型式试验项目，证明本产品的研制是成功的。

Enterprises with foreign investment investing in projects of comprehensive agricultural development and utilization, intensive processing of farm and sideline products with new technology, forestry development, development and comprehensive utilization of resources, energy construction saving, foundational construction of communications and transportation, technical improvement of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, advanced technology, product export, construction of municipal infrastructure, prevention of environmental pollution and protection of ecological environment, tourist development and secondary or higher vocational education shall all be exempt from building tax and vehicle and shipping license fee in their term of operation.

向农业综合开发利用和使用新技术的农副产品深加工、林业开发、资源开发与综合利用、能源建设和节能、交通运输基础建设、国有大中型企业的技术进步、先进技术、产品出口、市政基础设施建设、防止环境污染和保护生态环境、旅游业开发、高中等职业教育，项目投资的外商投资企业，在经营期内，免征房产税和车船使用牌照税。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐