技术基础

As the pyrolysis technology for MSW, comparing with incineration, has a higher WTE and lower second-step pollution, it has been considered a more advantages MSW deposal technology than incineration. However, it is only in its preliminary step. Till now, there is quite limit successful practical pyrolysis technology applying on MSW and deficient of relative fundamental research on them. So to do some fundamental research about this is both very important and very necessary.

由于固体废弃物热解技术具有比焚烧法更高的能源利用率和较低的二次污染，因此被认为是比焚烧技术更先进的废弃物处理技术，当然，固体废弃物热解技术发展目前还处在起步阶段，迄今为止，已成功应用于处理城市固体废弃物的热解技术还非常有限，与之相关的很多基础研究还很缺乏，因此对固体废弃物热解技术的有关基础研究是十分重要和必要的。

The base of computer culture, c programmer, fundamentals of analog electronic circuits, fundamentals of digital electronic circuits, data structure, principles of computer composition, operating system, discrete mathematics, computer network, principles of microcomputer, 8086/8088 macro assembler language; multimedia technology; the principles of database; oopl( errorobject oriented programming language); fundamentals of compiling; software engineering; numerical computational method; mcs51/96 principle of single-chip computer; artificial intelligence; computer system organization; digital interface and digital circuits; java programming language; data structure; operating system; computer network; technology of electronics, etc.

计算机文化基础、c语言程序设计、模拟电路基础、数字逻辑电路基础、数据结构、计算机组成原理、操作系统、离散数学、计算机网络、微型计算机原理、8086/8088宏汇编语言程序设计、多媒体技术、数据库原理。面向对象语言程序设计，编译原理，软件工程基础，数值计算方法、mcs51/96系列单片机原理与应用、人工智能、计算机系统结构、数子接口技术与电路、数据库设计基础 java语言，数据结构，操作系统，计算机网络，电子技术等。还有一些选修的课比如：tcp/ip网络协议分析基础、oracl数据库原理，db2数据库原理等。

Based on investigating the short and intermittent structural plane, surrounding rockmass of the huge underground powerhouse in Three Gorge has been divided into five statistical similar areas according to its characteristic of rockmass structure by applying structure plane network simulation. Distributed characteristic of structural plane has been studied and based on it mechanics macrocharacteristic has been studied:(1) It is the first time that based on the result of structural plane network simulation rockmass quality of every structure area has been studied with applying blurred information optimum seeking technique and be compared with and RQD method. The result indicated that it has better effect to evaluate rock quality with blurred information optimum seeking technique.(2) It is the first time that the interrelated relationship of the result of in-suit rockmass deformation test and fractal characteristic of structure on test point has been applied to determine rockmass deformation parameter. The question of evaluating deformation parameters of engineering rockmass has been solved.(3) Anisotropy strength parameters have been determined by applying shear zones simulating method. The result indicated that there are different strength parameters in every structural area, after comparing the result of Fast Lagranian Analysis in continua number simulation method with that of method of weighted mean according to continuity. The result indicated that when a suitable reduction coefficient is been considered rockmass strength parameters can be simply and fast determined with method of weighted mean according to continuity where there is not enough test result.(4) Damage characteristic has been studied based on analysis fractal characteristic of structural plane network by applying fractal-damage coupling method. It is the first time that the concept of damage degree has been set up to evaluate rockmass quality according to the biggest principal damage.

通过对短小、断续性结构面统计特征的研究，将地下厂房区划分为五个岩体结构统计均质区，应用结构面网络模拟技术研究了各个岩体结构均质区结构面的发育分布特征，并以此为基础对岩体宏观力学特性进行了深入研究：(1)首次通过在结构面网络模拟计算结果的基础上，应用模糊信息优化技术研究了厂房区各个岩体结构分区的岩体质量并与岩体基本质量指标研究法、岩体质量指标RQD值研究法作了对比，结果表明以结构面网络模拟结果为基础，应用模糊信息优化技术进行岩体质量评价能够取得很好的效果，解决了工程岩体质量的定量评价问题；(2)首次通过对已有的现场大型岩体变形试验结果的分析及相应试验点岩体结构分形特征的研究，建立了结构面分布的分形维数和岩体变形指标间的相关关系，并首次应用这种相关关系根据结构面网络模拟及分形维数计算结果确定了缺少试验结果的地下厂房各工程部位的岩体变形指标而且应用于围岩稳定性计算，解决了工程岩体宏观变形参数的评价问题；(3)应用在结构面模拟网络图上模拟岩体剪切破坏带的方法，得出了岩体在不同方向上的强度参数，结果表明岩体的强度特性与结构面的发育方向和程度有着明显的关系，各个岩体结构均质区具有不同的强度参数；同时还通过应用拉格朗日差分法对岩体强度指标的数值分析并与按连通率加权平均计算法对比表明，按连通率加权平均计算法在考虑合理的折减系数情况下，可以简单快速地对缺少现场大型试验结果的具体工程部位实现岩体强度指标的估计，通过以上研究解决了工程岩体抗剪强度参数的评价问题；(4)通过结构面网络分形维数的研究，应用分形损伤耦合分析方法，研究了厂房区岩体的损伤特征，并首次引入"损伤度"的概念，建立了应用最大主损伤评价岩体质量的指标体系。

The main jobs of this paper are as followed: 1 The reuse of the frame design technology for aircraft assembly fixtures is researched. a frame line part library is built with the templet driven technology, the reuse of the frame line part come true by the tools for instantiation and instance modification. The design resources are effectively used, some repeating work is cut. 2 Two methods to obtain the assembly feature are proposed: the straight way by the Enumeration method and the indirect way by project features to the assembly plane. All of the assembly features of the frame and the adjustable bearings are obtained by these two methods which makes the frame automatic assembly technology for aircraft assembly fixtures come true. 3 The frame automatic assembly technology aircraft assembly fixtures based on assembly features is researched. A binary tree assembly model is used to express the assembly information of the frame for aircraft assembly fixtures, the automatic assembly between the frame, the aircraft and the adjustable bearing is completed within the three steps: distribute, obtain and evaluate assembly feature. Finally, the efficiency of the frame assembly design is proved. 4The frame interpart modeling technology for aircraft assembly fixtures is researched, the intersection methods are concluded and the arithmetic of the single-cut, double-cut and inter-cut intersection is proposed, the interpart fast modeling of the frame design for aircraft assembly fixture come true. 5Based on the researches mentioned before, a sub-system of frame fast design for aircraft assembly fixture is developed on CATIA. The sub-system is used to design the aircraft assembly fixtures in a large aeronautics corporation and make a good- effect.

论文的主要工作如下： 1研究了飞机装配型架骨架设计重用技术，在总结归纳骨架线框结构类型的基础上，应用模板驱动的方法建立了骨架线框库，通过骨架线框零件的实例化和离线编辑实现骨架线框的重用，有效利用设计资源，减少重复劳动； 2提出穷举几何对象的装配特征直接获取方法，遍历零件模型的几何对象，从中捕捉所需装配特征，该方法简捷、高效；提出向装配面投影的装配特征间接获取方法，该方法在现有特征基础上生成装配特征，解决了部分装配特征难以直接获取的问题； 3研究了基于装配特征的飞机装配型架骨架自动装配技术，采用一种二叉树装配模型表达骨架的装配关系，并通过装配特征的分配、获取和赋值三个步骤，实现了骨架分别与飞机产品和可调支承的自动装配，避免了繁琐的人工交互操作，提高了骨架设计的效率和规范化程度； 4研究了飞机装配型架骨架零件间建模技术，在总结归纳骨架元件相贯处理方式的基础上，提出了骨架元件单剪切相贯、双剪切相贯和互剪切相贯的实现算法，简化了骨架相贯处理的过程； 5基于以上研究，在CATIA平台上开发了飞机装配型架骨架快速设计子系统，并应用于某大型航空企业的装配型架设计，提高了设计效率和设计质量。

Primarily, the thesis assays the condition of network framework, the network was divided into three levels in terms of network management in order to establish the distributed method ,and still pointing out the intention and denotation of studying the Topology Discovery.Next, the thesis analyzes SNMP protocol minutely, including its development, principle, and the Network Management system that established on the SNMP protocol. Have analysed MIB in detail and the application way of MIB in network management .The thesis also assays the ICMP protocol, describing its working principle and the format of datagram minutely , and describing two important tools of ICMP- Ping and TraceRoute in detail. On the base of upper analysis, the thesis expounds a kind of distributed Topology Discovery project, and book it in one autonomy system. Topology Discovery was divided into two levels in terms of network management, and analyses the way of linking up between the two level. The thesis minutely assays Router-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on SNMP and Subnet-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on ARP and ICMP. According to these analyses, the thesis explores the specific methodology and the technology of XML data object which using the WinSNMP API to achieve topology discovering system on the development platform of Visual C++, and also analyses the technology of topology analysis and topology graph minutely. Moreover, the thesis assays the technology of basic firewall and Topology Discovery response strategy. Finally, the thesis analyses the underlying blind problem of the topology finding, and also analyses the reason that the blind problem produced and the way that reduced. The distributed algorithm that this paper puts forward has a certain directive significance in wireless network or other fields.

本文首先分析了网络结构状况，将网络从网络管理的角度划分为三个层次，为分布式的方法奠定了基础，同时还指出拓扑发现研究的目的及意义；接着本文分析了SNMP协议，详细分析了SNMP协议的发展状况，协议的工作原理，以及由SNMP协议基础上建立的SNMP网络管理体系，详细分析了MIB，以及MIB在网络管理上的应用方式；本文又分析了ICMP协议，详细描述了ICMP的工作原理和数据报格式，并详细描述了ICMP的两个重要工具-Ping 和TraceRoute；然后本文在结合上述分析的基础上，提出了一种分布式的拓扑发现方案，将拓扑发现拟订在一个自治系统内，将拓扑发现从网络管理角度划分为路由器级和子网级两个层次，分析了两个层次之间的衔接方式，同时从拓扑地域的角度将拓扑发现过程分布化，分析了分布式算法的具体方法和分布式结点之间的数据通讯方法，本文详细分析了基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现技术和基于ARP和ICMP的子网级拓扑发现技术；根据这些分析，本文利用XML数据对象作为分布式算法中的数据对象，分析了XML的技术，本文使用Visual C++开发平台实现网络拓扑发现系统，详细分析了使用WinSNMP API实现基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现和基于ARP的子网级拓扑发现，分析了使用Winsock编程实现基于ICMP的子网级拓扑发现，本文还对拓扑分析和拓扑图的绘制技术作了较细致的分析；本文最后还分析了基本防火墙技术，分析了几种类型的防火墙对拓扑发现带来的影响，以及在拓扑发现时的应对策略，本文还分析了拓扑发现中可能产生的盲点问题，分析了盲点产生的原因以及拓扑发现中减少盲点的方法。

And the theory of Technological leapfrogging is for it after being studied.

本文首先整理了技术跨越的相关理论，并对原有理论进行了评价、分析和拓展，在此基础上阐述了技术跨越和技术创新的关系、技术跨越的诱导机制以及政府作用；并以产品市场和要素市场为切入点建立技术跨越机制模型用以分析技术跨越的理论过程，在理论模型构建的基础上结合我国制造业的现状首先解释了制造业目前整体技术水平低的原因，更重要的是应用技术跨越机制模型分析和阐述了制造业摆脱目前困境的战略选择。

This article, based on key technique and different objective conditions in terms of geography and geology, such as soft soils, shallow water, and heavy sludge seen in ChangHong tunnel, presents features of key construction technique in ChangHong Project, such as slope stability and bottom settlement control in dry dock, cracks control and freeboard control technique respectively for element fabrication, pile foundation construction, and piles-tube connection technique, such technique like, sludge cleanup in immersion trench, and element sinking/positioning technique together with element joint (including connection to abutment and final joint).

文章根据沉管隧道工程建设的关键技术和宁波常洪隧道工程土软、水浅、淤重等客观地质地理环境条件，介绍了宁波常洪沉管隧道工程的施工技术特点，如干坞边坡稳定和管底基础变形的控制技术、本体防水混凝土管段制作的裂缝和干舷控制技术、管段江中桩基基础的施工和其与管底连接的技术工艺、管段基槽清淤和沉放定位施工技术，以及管段接头连接（包括与岸边段的连接和最终接头）的施工技术等。

This article, based on key technique and different objective conditions in terms of geography and geology, such as soft soils, shallow water, and heavy sludge seen in ChangHong tunnel, presents features of key construction technique in ChangHong Project, such as slope stability and bottom settlement control in dry dock, cracks control and freeboard control technique respectively for element fabrication, pile foundation construction, and piles-tube connection technique, such technique like, sludge cleanup in immersion trench, and element sinking/positioning technique together with element joint (including connection to abutment and final joint).

本文根据沉管隧道工程建设的关键技术和宁波常洪隧道工程土软、水浅、淤重等客观地质地理环境条件，介绍了沉管隧道工程的施工技术特点，如干坞边坡稳定和管底基础变形的控制技术、本体防水混凝土管段制作的裂缝和干舷控制技术、管段江中桩基基础的施工和其与管底连接的技术工艺、管段基槽清淤和沉放定位施工技术，以及管段接头连接（包括与岸边段的连接和最终接头）的施工技术等。

This article, based on key technique and different objective conditions in terms of geography and geology, such as soft soils, shallow water, and heavy sludge seen in ChangHong tunnel, presents features of key construction technique in ChangHong Project, such as slope stability and bottom settlement control in dry dock, cracks control and freeboard control technique respectively for element fabrication, pile foundation construction, and piles-tube connection technique, such technique like, sludge cleanup in immersion trench, and element sinking/positioning technique together with element joint (including connection to abutment and final joint).

本文根据沉管隧道工程建设的关键技术和宁波常洪隧道工程土软、水浅、淤重等客观地质地理环境条件，介绍了沉管隧道工程的施工技术特点，如干坞边坡稳定和管底基础变形的控制技术、本体防水混凝土管段制作的裂缝和干舷控制技术、管段江中桩基基础的施工和其与管底连接的技术工艺、管段基槽清淤和沉放定位施工技术，以及管段接头连接（包括与岸边段的连接和最终接头）的施工技术等。中国诺宇综合网http：//www.siaaa.com

This article, based on key technique and different objective conditions in terms of geography and geology, such as soft soils, shallow water, and heavy sludge seen in ChangHong tunnel, presents features of key construction technique in ChangHong Project, such as slope stability and bottom settlement control in dry dock, cracks control and freeboard control technique respectively for element fabrication, pile foundation construction, and piles-tube connection technique, such technique like, sludge cleanup in immersion trench, and element sinking/positioning technique together with element joint (including connection to abutment and final joint).

本文根据沉管隧道工程建设的关键技术和宁波常洪隧道工程土软、水浅、淤重等客观地质地理环境条件，介绍了沉管隧道工程的施工技术特点，如干坞边坡稳定和管底基础变形的控制技术、本体防水混凝土管段制作的裂缝和干舷控制技术、管段江中桩基基础的施工和其与管底连接的技术工艺、管段基槽清淤和沉放定位施工技术，以及管段接头连接（包括与岸边段的连接和最终接头）的施工技术等。中国论文联盟http：//www.lwlm.com

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐