批评的

It has been the case that, when other countries pressure China over trade, it invariably reacts by offering nothing but stern criticisms. The Western media often say China is infuriated, China issues warnings and China threatens retaliation. They are prone to demonise China's counterattacks.

过去，中国就其他国家在贸易上施压，一贯一贯以制式反应，严词批评严词批评以外还是严词一贯严词批评批评，因此，西方传媒对於中国的反应，一般指为「激怒中国」「中国警告」，，「中国威吓报复」等，将中国的反击妖魔化。

Section 3 probes the complexity of Vico\'s thoughts through discussing the works of Vico with exception of New Science .chapter 2 introduces and analysis New Science, The argument in this chapter are as follows:The epistemology of New Science isverura——factum, had been basing on this principle, Vico tried to developa new science——humanity and social sciences;(2)Methodology of NewScience: theme and theory in union, experience and rationality in union;(3) Conception of history of New Science: The theory of three stages and repeats itself of historical development, human society is created by itself;(4)Poetic wisdom, and its influences to aesthetics, literature and art theory;(5)The imagination theory of New Science, and its aesthetic significance as well as influences.

第一节论述《新科学》的认识论和题旨，指出《新科学》的认识论是真理——创造物原则，由此维柯试图创立一门"新科学"，即与自然科学相对的人文社会科学或者说文化哲学；第二节论述《新科学》的方法论：题材与学说的统一、经验与理性的统一；第三节论述《新科学》历史观：历史循环三阶段论、人类历史是由人类自己创造出来的，并提及其对人类学、美学的影响；第四节论述诗性智慧及其美学、文艺学影响；第五节论述《新科学》的想象理论及其美学意义和影响；第六节论述"发现真正的荷马"的内涵以及对社会历史批评的开创性意义。

The first part states in a comprehensive way the research on Zhou Zuoren so as to define the purpose, methodology and significance of the dissertation. The second part analyzes the experience of Zhou's self-culture creation from a personal angle-Yue culture in Zhejiang gave Zhou a perceptual knowledge of folklore, while the idea of world folklore gave him a rational cognition of folk' culture. The combination forms a dual folklore. The third part observes Zhou Zuoren's examination of literarure from folklore's perspective as well as its pioneering significance. The fourth part explores in a further way Zhou's perspective of folk culture, and analyzes the method he has established to conduct literary criticism from the angle of folklore as well as his research on Chinese Culture. The fifth part analyzes the impacts folklore theory and folk culture have on the formation of Zhou' literary ideas, focusing more his folklore interpretation and humanism perspective about the origin and hist ory of literature, also his literary aesthetic standards about "ordinary humanism" and "loving amusement" from the position of folklore. The sixth part expounds Zhou's achievement in combining literature and folklore and explores the consistency of their focus on human, thereby presenting a complete picture of Zhou's literature. The last part generalizes the revelation drawing from the research done in this dissertation.

本文分为六章：第一章综述周作人研究的历史与现状，从而确定本文的研究目的、方法及意义；第二章从社会、时代背景、区域文化传统和个人文化选择的角度，阐释周作人选取民俗学视角观照文学的原因，侧重分析周作人自我文化建构的心路历程——浙江越文化传统的浸润给周作人以民俗学的感性认识，而世界民俗学的理念赋予他注重民间文化的理性精神；第三章考察周作人的民俗学研究及先锋意义；第四章进一步探讨周作人的民俗文化观，分析他确立的从民俗文化角度进行文学批评的方法，兼及他从民俗学视角进行的中国文化研究；第五章分析民俗学理论及民俗文化观在周作人文学思想生成中的影响，着重论述周作人关于文学起源和文学发展史的民俗学阐释、文学的民俗人性观，以及从民间立场出发所具有的"平凡的人道"、"有情的滑稽"等文学审美原则；第六章从创作实践方面，探讨周作人文学作品的民俗文化意蕴，进一步论述周作人将文学与民俗结合在一起的实绩，并揭示二者以"人"为核心的内在精神的一致性，从而呈现出周作人较为完整的文学风貌；最后是余论，指出这一研究的启示。

It is made up of six chapters. Introductory: Questions about the standard of calligraphical critic including its definition, its twofold function of practical and aesthetic and several factors making influence upon it.

全文十五万字，主要包括以下几个部分：绪论：论述与书法批评标准相关的问题，包括书法批评标准的界定、书法批评标准实用与审美的两重性、影响书法批评标准的几个因素；本课题研究的意义。

After fully and profoundly surveying the popular literature in recent 20 years, the author demonstrates the characteristics of popular literature, some factors influencing it and the impetus of its change to the existing views on literature; the author also observes that the shift in the model of popular literature criticism and popular literature in itself have some affinity and irreconcilement with the literary field in and the society in transition.

详细在社会转型的背景下，中国文学发生了并继续发生着变迁。作为表征，大众文学在新时期以来蓬勃兴盛，成为文学领域中令人注目的场域。本文对当代近20年的大众文学进行深入全面的考察，试图探讨大众文学的特征，分析影响大众文学的一些因素，大众文学变迁对既有的文学观念的冲击，大众文学批评的模式转换以及大众文学与文学场同整个转型时期的社会场的同构和冲突的关系。

Besides,criticals from net-literature are also different from traditional ones and bring along with some unavoided problems and misunderstandings because of lack of subject and special openess,interaction and freedom,affecting its well-development.

此外，网络文学批评也有别于传统文学的批评，由于批评主体的缺位，网络的开放、交互和自由性，使得网络文学批评在态度和方法上难免出现一些问题和误区，从而影响到网络文学的健康发展。

Listening can be divied into three levels, which are charcterized by certain behaviors that affect listening effciency .most often ,people have difficulty listening effectively when in a conflict situation , when dealing with emotional people, when having criticism directed at them, when being disciplined or when feeling anxious , fearful or angry.the following descriptions of the three levels will help you understand the distinction between how each level is expressed?

倾听可以分为三个层次，而不同的层次是以能够影响听力效率的某种特定行为为特征和表现的。通常，当人们遇到下列几种情况时，有效率的倾听则显得困难，例如当人们和其他人产生冲突或争执的时候，和易激动的人相处的时候，被他人批评的时候，被处罚的时候，感到焦虑、恐惧和愤怒的时候。以下对这三个层次的描述有助于你理解三者在表现上的区别。

Such as analysis the formation of his literary criticism, the impact on poetry, prose, fiction and criticism of the practice of the literary criticism, and in order to give a correct evaluation on Zhu's literary criticism.

诸如分析其文学批评观的形成、文学批评观在诗歌、散文、小说领域的实践和批评观的影响等，从而给予朱自清文学批评观以正确的评价。

This paper takes Mrs. Dalloway as an example to show how the form corresponds to the content especially the inner feelings of a woman. It also traces the tradition of feminist criticism back to Woolf's A Room of One's Own.

通过分析伍尔夫的《达罗卫夫人》的创作手法，指出其意识流手法契合主人公克拉丽莎的心理特征，从而疏离了主流写作传统，达到了一种解放的自由境界，是女性创作的典范；而伍尔夫的《一间自己的屋子》是最早的男性作者笔下的关于女性人物和女性作者写作的探索，乃女性主义批评的源头。

Ii Another principle involved in the critical theory of the Pentateuch supposes that the internal evidence of literary criticism is of higher value than the evidence of tradition.

的另一项原则所涉及的批判理论的pentateuch假设认为，内部的证据，文学批评的是价值较高的，比传统的证据。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。