批判

At the same time, both religion and mentalism derive from the primitive's Animatism. Dualism and Agnosticism had a close kin. From materialism, the nature was the foundation of objective anima, demon activities and so on in the primitive hunting tribes.

具有万物有灵论性质的唯心主义过去战胜了科学的唯物主义原因在于：自然科学与社会科学发展的不均衡；所谓的"两重真理论"对宗教的拯救；现存的制度和反动的阶级妨碍知识的传播，妨碍宗教的批判。

Thorndike's dissertation provided a vigorous critique of anecdote, introspection and anthropomorphism, and employed a set of new methods for studying behavior systematically and quantitatively under controlled conditions.

桑代克的论文有力地批判了轶事法、内省法和人神同型同性论，同时引进了一系列新的方法用于在特定条件下的系统的数量化的学习行为。

The present writer discusses David Hume's criticism of the design argument out of five parts:(1)the analogy argument (2)the causation (3) anthropomorphism (4) the design argument of God (5) whether nature has the complete regularity or not, and at last the treatise refers to the faults of the natural religion, as to that we discourse on "God is not necessarily almighty" and "man's sin and crime".

本文分别从(1)类比论证(2)因果关系(3)神人相似论(4)神的设计论证(5)自然是否具有全然的规律性等方面探讨了休谟对於设计论证的批判。最后，再论及自然宗教的缺失，有关此点，本文也分由「神不必然全能」与「人的罪恶」两方面来论述。

Aron's indictment of intellectual intoxication is not the same thing as an indictment of intellectuals. He was not anti-intellectual or contemptuous of ideas.

阿隆毫不留情地批判某些知识分子心智上的"中毒"，并不意味着他就是反智主义者，蔑视观念的重要性。

The War Diaries (1939-1940), Being and Nothingness (1943), Anti-Semite and Jew (1946),"Existentialism is a Humanism"(1946),"Materialism and Revolution"(1946), Notebooks for an Ethics (1947-1948), Search for a Method (1954), Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960), and "Notes on Ethics"(1964-1965) are representative examples.

战争日记（1939-1940）、存在与虚无（1943）、反犹太人和犹太教（1946）、存在主义是人道主义（1946）、唯物主义和革命（1946）、伦理学笔记（1947-1948）、方法论研究（1954）、辩证理性批判（1960）、伦理学笔记（1964-1965）就是其中的一些代表作。

After WWII, he encouraged German churches' penitence and reconciliation with the rest of Christianity, opposed German re-militarization, and criticized both communism and anticommunism.

二战结束后，巴特鼓励德国教会忏悔并且与基督教主流和解，反对德国再次军事化，批判共产主义和反共产主义。

One is not likely to say, for example, She criticized the bill approvingly.

人们不太可能说，比如她赞成地批判这个法案。

It pioneered the rational apriorism of historic philosophy which made human beings understand the ultimate goal of history rationally.

康德历史学的思想，是具有批判哲学特色的历史哲学，开创了在人类理性范围内理解历史终极目的之先验理性历史哲学的先河。

This dissertation starts from epistemic questions, and its main purpose is to show whether there is a coherent theme during the development of Michel Foucaults thought, and whether, despite of his continuous efforts, finally frees himself from the shadow of apriorism.

本文认为，在福柯的著作中始终存在着一个一以贯之的主题，那就是批判问题，也就是认识的可能性条件以及真理与权力之间的关系问题，福柯试图从历史的角度而不是康德所谓先验的角度来解决认识的可能性条件问题。

2Transcendental philosophy is only the idea of a science,(3) for which the critique of pure reason has to lay down the complete architectonic plan.

先验哲学只是一门科学的理念，纯粹理性批判是要为这门科学规定其完整的建筑计划的。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。