批判

First, the criticism was targeted to the view of fatality and the feudalistic ceremony in Chinese traditional thought, which involved the evaluation of Confucius.

首先，是对中国传统的天命观和封建礼教的批判，这一批判又涉及对孔子的评价。

This thesis points out that the subversive reading is gradational, through analyzing the critical reading of Sandra Gilbert, Susan Gubar, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak and Jean Rhys about Jane Eyre.

吉伯特和古芭的《阁楼上的疯女人》、斯皮瓦克的《三个女性文本与帝国主义批判》、琼·里丝的《藻海无边》都是对《简·爱》进行抗拒性批判解读的经典文本。

Xueheng Academic Group criticized strongly and negatively the existing politics in terms of moral critique with the moral salvation of their cultural concept idealistically.

本文考察了学衡派的政治观念，认为学衡派对现实政治进行了激烈否定，这种否定和批判主要是以道德批判的方式进行的；他们的救世方案，在理想层面上，是他们文化观念中一以贯之的道德救世。

Besides that,inconcrete analysis,this article clearly expressed the various positions andthe logical relations of three concepts:labor,practice and production,whichappeared in the process of the development of Marx's theory.

在《政治和政治经济学批判》手稿和《资本论》中，当马克思最终从严格的经济学意义上的雇佣劳动概念出发，合乎规律地理解了资本主义社会中的内在剥削机制以后，仅仅在主体价值哲学的视域中，他提出和重新规定了劳动的异化概念的社会批判含义。

After defining the feminine literary criticism from " Female Angle of View ", this paper gives the general description of the practice of Chinese literary criticism since 1900's as well as the analysis of individual characteristics, with the purposes of showing the spirit of creativity and vigorousness in it and giving a summarization of the deficiency in practicing. And all the work is done from three aspects:(1) Reconstruction and construction concentrating on the traditional literary criticism: that is to critique the masculinism in the traditional culture, to get the knowledge of the male writer's gender discrimination, and to find the source of feminine literature by the way of resistance-like reading.

本文从&女性视角&界定了女性主义文学批评的内涵，对20世纪以来中国女性主义文学批评实践，采用总体描述和个体研究特征分析相结合的方式，以彰显女性主义文学批评的学术创新活力、总结其实践中存在的不足为宗旨，从三个方面进行梳理整合：解构与建构，对传统文化的批判：批判传统文化话语中的男性中心主义，解读男性作家的性别歧视，运用抗拒式的阅读方式寻找女性主义文学传统。

Mention Ma He, we are most the person knows he is a mentalistic philosopher only, it is the author of experience criticism, what may not know him to ever had undertaken profundity to classical physics theory is critically, what pulled open revolution of 20 centuries physics thereby is prelusive, direct or his thought is indirect affected a lot of physicist, wait for a few main members of Copenhagen school like Bo Er, Haisenbai.

提起马赫，我们大多数人只知道他是一位唯心主义哲学家，是经验批判主义的创始人，可能并不知道他曾对经典物理学理论进行过深刻的批判，从而拉开了20世纪物理学革命的序幕，他的思想直接或间接影响了很多物理学家，像玻尔、海森伯等哥本哈根学派的一些主要成员。

Schmidt\'s understanding of Marx and Marxism emphasizes the social historical character of the concept of nature of Marx; And he argues that the philosophy of Marx aims at the criticism of "the second nature of nature" and the nonidentity of the subject and the object, because the biggest secret of the ideology lies in the identity, and in the philosophy the most core identity is the identity of the subject and the object, Schmidt reiterated ideology critique, which is the important subject of the Frankfurt school and even the entire West Marxism; He also elaborated the relation between Marx\'s natural view and the Marxian socialism theory.

他十分重视结合马克思的社会历史理论、经济理论来考察自然概念，充分强调马克思自然概念的社会历史特征；突出批判&第二自然&与坚持主客体非同一性问题，因为意识形态的最大秘密在于同一性，哲学上最核心的同一性就是主体与客体同一性，所以施密特重申了法兰克福学派乃至整个西方马克思主义的重要主题——意识形态批判；他阐述了马克思的自然观与马克思社会主义学说的关系，围绕人和自然的关系问题探讨了马克思和一切乌托邦的联系和区别。

The tradition we have to face is Marxism and Chinese Confucianism. The former, has gradually lost its function of criticizing the practical reality due to its political and ideological influence while the latter lacks a real spirit of self-criticism as it is overanxious for its rejuvenation and rebuilding in its contemporary tottering context.

我们所面对的思想传统主要有马克思主义和中国儒家思想二者，前者由于政治意识形态化的影响，逐渐丧失了对于现实社会的批判功能；后者则在当今时代风雨飘零的情况下急于复兴重建，却缺乏一种真正的自我批判精神。

For one reason, he originally sheds light on Marxian philosophy with the ontology of poesis, hence the concept of material production practice is made impractical.

他既是波澜壮阔的现代性社会批判思潮的重要鼓动者，更是方兴未艾的日常生活批判哲学转向的杰出领航人。

T.W.Addorno criticizes the uncivilized, following cultural industry, the marketing art and shortcomings of the degradation of life of individuality. Herbert Marcuse thinks that consumer culture safeguards the ruling class's ideology as well as science and technology. It not only makes the whole consumer society be a unidirectional society without reflectional and critical ability, but also has people indulge in the promised happiness and illusion of self-expression through consumption, which makes people lose subjective quality. Fromn discovers that in the consumer society of developed countries, alienation becomes rampant but not be lessened or eliminated, and humanity becomes even more twisted but not develops healthily.

阿多诺批判了文化工业所导致的蒙昧，艺术被市场化，个性生命的沉沦之类弊端；马尔库塞认为，科学技术与消费文化一道维护着资产阶级的意识形态，让整个消费社会成为失去了反思和批判能力的单向度社会，使人们沉浸在消费所承诺的幸福之中，沉浸在用消费表达自我的幻觉之中，失去了自己的主体性；弗洛姆看到，在发达资本主义国家的消费社会中，异化非但没有减轻和消除，反而愈演愈烈，人性非但没有走向健康发展的道路，反而更加扭曲。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。