扰动

In the research of normal pricing decision, study the methods of production determining and pricing upon condition that demand function permits random deviation and that consumer tastes may be uncertain, On the assumption that p...

从需求不确定情形下一般厂商产品定价决策研究及其风险度量到垄断厂商差别定价决策及其风险度量研究，在对需求不确定情形下一般厂商产品定价决策研究中，假设企业产品产量可能不等于销量，分两种情形讨论了需求可以发生随机扰动情形下和消费者口味不确定情形下一般厂商产量决策和定价问题。

"We've suspected for years that turbulence heats the solar wind," says Fouad Sahraoui, lead author of the paper and a visiting NASA Fellow from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in France.

"我们已经怀疑扰动加热太阳风很多年了"，Fouad Sahraoui，该论文的首席作者说，"现在我们已经得到了关于该过程的详细观测数据。"

Following such a disturbance, it is theoretically possible for the dynamo to reconstitute itself with an opposite direction of current flow.

在这扰动之后，对发电机来说，重新组建一个流动方向相反的发电机在理论上是可能的。

The effects of lipid bilayer perturbation and lipid reconstitution on the structure and function of photosystems ...

本论文主要从膜脂结构扰动引起的蛋白质变性和膜脂重组诱导的复性这两个角度对高等植物光系统的结构和功能进行了研究。

The effects of lipid bilayer perturbation and lipid reconstitution on the structure and function of photosystems in higher plants were studied.

本论文主要从膜脂结构扰动引起的蛋白质变性和膜脂重组诱导的复性这两个角度对高等植物光系统的结构和功能进行了研究。

The test is referential for the application of new operation mode in the future.

通过平班水电厂单机小扰动稳定性试验的研究，给日后采用新的运行方式提供了有力的依据。

Studies on basic working principles and designs of fiber lasersThe basic working principles as well as the major characteristics of laser and fiber lasers are firstly reviewed,including the interaction between light and matter, the laser oscillation conditions and the spectrum distribution,the gain characteristic and spatial hole burning effect,the influence of external environment on the stability of laser output and the actual limits of fiber laser bandwidth;The designs of bidirectional single-mode Er-doped fiber ring laser and multi-wavelength laser is then discussed,respectively;The characteristics of dynamic grating reflection spectrum of the fiber saturable absorber is systematically analyzed.?

在激光型光纤传感器的设计、实验现象的理论解释等方面做了如下的研究工作：光纤激光器的基本原理与设计方案概述了激光和光纤激光器的基本原理，包括光与物质的相互作用，激光振荡的条件及频谱分布等激光产生的基本原理：掺铒光纤的增益性质，空间烧孔效应和外界扰动对激光输出稳定性的影响，光纤激光器的实际极限带宽等光纤激光器的相关知识；分别讨论了双向单纵模环形腔激光器和多波长激光器的设计方案；系统地分析了掺杂光纤饱和吸收体中形成的动态光栅的反射谱特性。

Thermo-Time Domain Reflectometry has many advantages, such as low cost, less disturbance of the soil and time-saving, thus showing great potential in soil research.

热脉冲－时域反射仪方法所用成本低，对土壤扰动小，测试时间短，具有很多优点，因此在测定土壤热性质方面具有很大的潜力。

The controller is composed of a linear PD feedback plus a nonlinear damping term plus a compensator for scalar uncertainty. It doesn't need to compute the traditional regressor.

控制器由一个简单的线性PD反馈+非线性阻尼+标量不确定性补偿控制器构成，不需传统的回归矩阵计算，能够有效地克服通常难于建模的摩擦力和外部扰动影响。

Accurate station keeping is demonstrated in experiments with our four-DOF underwater vehicle and the observed target which is a regular tetrahedron with four ball-like culminations in our indoor water tank.

悬停定位具有两个特点：首先，它是一种动力定位，即在定位传感器的引导下，依靠自身的动力，在控制系统的指挥下抵抗外界扰动而保持某一位姿；其二，它是一种局部定位，水下机器人相对作业目标的运动空间范围一般不会很大。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。