扰动

The disturbances of wave number six vary sinusoidally wi...

波数为6的扰动，变化周期为11—13天，振幅变化近于正弦曲线；波数为4的扰动，其振幅变化较复杂；波数为2的扰动，变化周期为3天。

The results showed that the SKAW model could rather well explain the characteristics of the spatial scale of the intense electromagnetic spike events associated with strong local plasma density fluctuations in the data of the Freja satellite.

它具有一个与阿尔文分支上SKAW同一量级的扰动电场，但扰动磁场比后者低β1/2倍。它有可能解释FREJA卫星观测到的准静电阿尔文扰动。

This method reserves the disturbance information of signals through superposing a triangle mode on the original signal to localize disturbance.

该方法通过在原始扰动信号上叠加一个三角模态分量来保留扰动信息进而定位扰动。

In this paper, we study nonlinear perturbation analysis of mesoscale verticalcirculation and evolution equation by means of f plane, non-hydrostatic balance andfilter model. Outstanding nonlinear characteristic of mesoscale disturbance invertical direction, we obtain nonlinear symmetric disturbance equation anddisturbance amplitude s evolution equation by use of multi-scale and singularperturbation technique.

中文摘要：本文采用f平面、非静力平衡、滤声波模式，讨论了大气中尺度非线性动力学方程，通过尺度分析重点突出了扰动在垂直方向上的非线性特征，从而得到了对称扰动非线性方程，运用多重尺度方法和摄动分析讨论了对称扰动非线性重力惯性波的演化过程，得到非线性重力惯性波振幅演化服从广义的非线性Schrdinger方程。

Through the Laplace and Z transformations, it represents the varying features of electromechanical disturbance in a uniform chain network using the family of Bessel functions; the growing or attenuating laws are the same as that of electromechanical wave in a continuum model along the corresponding transmission media. Furthermore, the time of electromechanical disturbance arriving at any bus in the discrete model is also the same as that of electromechanical wave arriving at the corresponding bus in the continuum model.

通过Laplace和Z联合变换，用Bessel函数表示出机电扰动在均匀离散系统中的变化特征，得出扰动的增衰规律与连续体模型中机电波的增衰规律完全相同，而且离散系统中扰动传播到每一条母线所需要的时间与连续体模型中机电波传播到相应母线所需时间也完全相等。

The following exciting results are revealed: 1 When considering the influence of some nonlinear elements such as hard-limit of exciters, the effects of some devices such as Power System Stabilizer and Static Var Compensator which can introduce positive damping in power system, the reasonability of system parameter values in simulation, the SNB surface and HB surface on the boundary of SSSR will turn close to each other and even coalesce together; 2 Under some conditions, coupling between slow exciters and shunt capacitors will bring negative damping in power system dynamics, which increases the possibility of oscillatory instability. So the power system with mass shunt compensators is easily subjected to the oscillatory instability. In recent years, chaotic phenomena of power system have been reported many times. Some simulation studies even found chaos existing inside the power system SSSR. In this dissertation, chaotic phenomena in power systems are thoroughly studied in order to make clear the relation of chaos and SSSR. The following results are derived: 1 Based on Li-Yorke Theorem and their definition on the chaos, the existence of chaos in power system is verified; 2 Three possible routes of causing chaos in power system are found and deeply investigated. They are route of cascading period doubling, route of directly initial energizing and route of torus bifurcation (or quasi-periodicity). The latter two routes are investigated for the first time in power system stability studies; 3 When the stability conditions of chaos are broken, it is found they can lead to voltage collapse, angle divergence, or voltage collapse with angle divergence simultaneously.

针对在电力系统小扰动稳定区域内可能存在混沌吸引域的有关报道，本文深入研究了电力系统混沌现象的出现途径和与系统失稳模式之间的关系：1利用Li-Yorke定理和Li-Yorke的混沌定义，从理论上证明了电力系统混沌现象的存在性；2发现了电力系统中导致混沌出现的三种可能途径：倍周期分岔导致混沌、初始能量直接激发混沌和经由环面分岔导致混沌，并对后两种新发现的途径进行了较为细致的研究；3发现了混沌极限环破裂导致电压崩溃、角度失稳以及电压崩溃和角度失稳同时出现的现象，其中混沌极限环破裂导致系统角度失稳和电压崩溃及角度失稳同时出现的现象均属首次报道；4证明由微分-代数方程描述的系统模型，其小扰动稳定域的边界只包含HB、SNB和SIB三种分岔界面，在SSSR的内部和边界上，均不可能存在会导致混沌的点，从而将混沌现象排除在小扰动稳定域的研究之外，简化了后者的研究工作。

Home position shear tests of slope rock, point loading tests and indoor AMD simulation action tests in XingQiao concave slope had show shearing strength and coherence between body layers of quartz sandstone decrease by 13.2%~21.3% after attacked by AMD, the angle of internal friction between layers is decreased by 5.0%~7.5%, in general, AMD affects the rocks mechanical property at range of 60~100m interior the perpendicular slop. Data analysis shows: 1 The actions to slope are major focused on zone of weakness, shearing strength of slope foot and AMD centre are reduced by 52% and 64.7% separately. 2 The explosion stress wave of long distance field has obviously increasing influence to disturbance amplitude value of slope with increasing of the slope height and distance, the response of the top of slope and fault region are obvious as well as damage effect; the foot of slope is with smallest disturbance amplitude value, the disturbance amplitude value of the step close to free face is obviously bigger than the interior of slope. 3 With the coupling effect of the AMD and explosion loading, the stress distribution inside of slope mainly presents characters of explosion stress field; the area affected by AMD becomes a weak area of shearing stress.

新桥深凹露天矿边坡岩体的原位剪切试验、点载荷试验、室内模拟AMD作用试验表明：AMD蚀化后的石英砂岩，岩体层面间的抗剪强度和粘聚力减小的幅值约为13.2%~21.3%；层面间内摩擦角减小幅值在5.0%~7.5%之间；AMD一般影响垂直边坡体内部在60~100m范围内的岩体力学性质数值分析表明：AMD对边坡体的作用主要集中在弱化区域内，边坡体的底脚和AMD作用中心区域的剪切应力减少了52.0%和64.7%；(2)随着边坡体高度和距离的增加，远场爆炸应力波对边坡扰动幅值的增加趋势明显，边坡顶部和断层部位的响应突出，损伤效应明显；边坡底脚扰动幅值最小，临空面附近台阶的扰动幅值明显大于边坡体内部；(3)AMD与爆破荷载耦合作用后，边坡体内部的应力分布主要呈现出爆炸应力场的特征，AMD影响区域形成了一个剪切应力弱区。

Evidence suggests that 1 under more stable stratification, the basic flow, if moving faster at low and high levels (particularly in the presence of jets there), allows a resulting meso-β unsteady wave to propagate eastward with respect to basic flow and even at greater velocity compared with it; 2 vertical windspeed shear of basic flow causes instabilities of the TWT perturbation; 3 considering the second derivative of basic-flow wind with respect to z (denoted by zz≠ 0 which is simply given as β* hereafter) the expression for the phase velocity of vortex Rossby wave is obtained, which is unidirectional in propagation with respect to basic flow; 4 VRoW has its physical origin from β*, i.e., from z-varying heterogeneities of y-direction averaged vorticity of the basic flow field; 5 VRoW phase velocity is associated with zonal wave number k, its energy is dispersive and the group velocity exists in the x direction; 6 when windspeed meets the condition of β*, TWT disturbance instability may be that of mixed VRoW and gravity wave; 7 if basic flow is subject to linear shear but does not meet the condition of β*, the TWT instability is that of inertia-gravity wave.

在大气层结比较稳定的情况下，如果基本气流在低层和高层较大(有可能存在低空急流和高空急流)，此时产生的β中尺度不稳定扰动相对于基流向东传播，甚至于快速向东传播。基本气流在垂直方向上的风速切变对于中尺度横波型的扰动起着不稳定的作用。如果考虑基流的二次切变，可以得到涡旋Rossby波的相速度表达式，涡旋Rossby波相对于基本气流是单向传播的。涡旋Rossby波产生的物理根源是基本流场的风速二次切变，亦即基本流场y方向的平均涡度在空间z方向上的不均匀所致。涡旋Rossby波的相速度与纬向波数也有关，它的能量是频散的，其在纬向x方向也存在群速度。在基本流场的风速存在二次切变时，横波型不稳定可能是混合的涡旋Rossby重力波的不稳定；而在基本流场的风速仅仅存在线性切变，不存在二次切变时，横波型扰动的不稳定则是重力惯性波的不稳定。

During the four years study on the project, we develop a dynamical forecast model that describing the subtropical ridge surface. A new theory on the role of the land-sea thermal difference on the formation of the Subtropical High is advanced. It is concluded that in the summer subtropics over each continent and its adjacent ocean LO, SE, CO, and a double-dominant heating from west to east compose a LOSECOD heating quadruplet. The influence of the Eurasia continent on SH varies according to the seasonal variation. From the ideal numerical simulation it is shown the important role of the Eaiuan continent and the huge topography on the mechanism of formation and mantanence of the SH during the summer. It is verified by the numerical simulation that the extension of the subtropical continent into the tropics greatly enhances the " East Asian monsoon". Through the Rossby energy dissipation theory it is verified that the deep latent convective heating induces the onset of the South China Sea monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The relationship and mechanism between the precipitaiton over the East Asia and the Subtropicla high is illustrated by the data. It is also found the close phase lock between the east-west shift of the SH and the disturbence of the east wind belt over the tropical troposphere. The interaction between the structure and activity feature of the SH and the Meiyu over the Yangtze-Huaihe river valley is revealed from the data. The numerical simulation verified the impact of the different SH pattern on the path of the typhoon.

本项目的研究发展了描述副热带高压脊面变化的动力模型，提出了夏季副热带地区四叶型非绝热加热分布型及相应环流拼图的创新理论；明确了大陆尺度的海陆热力差异在副热带高压形成中的作用；指出欧亚地形对副热带高压和气候的影响随季节变化而变化，通过数值试验证明春季青藏高原的感热加热对亚洲夏季风的爆发地点起了&锚定&的作用，进一步证实了副热带高压断裂和亚洲夏季风的最早爆发地点发生在孟加拉湾东岸；利用Rossby波能量频散理论证明了孟加拉湾深对流潜热释放诱导南海季风爆发的机制；揭示了东亚季风降水的季节内变化与西太副高的关系及机理；揭示了西太副高与东西风带中扰动之间的相互作用过程，指出西太副高的东西活动与热带对流层上空东风带扰动和中纬度西风带扰动的移动和锁相密切相关；研究了夏季淮河流域梅雨期间副高结构和活动特征及其与江淮暴雨的相互作用；验证了不同副热带高压形态对台风路径的不同影响；通过数值试验证明了欧亚大陆和青藏高原等大地形对副热带高压形成和维持的重要作用。

In this work pressure perturbation equations are developed due to the film thickness disturbance and head velocity disturbance, respectively.

为了研究空气轴承在小扰动下的稳定性，文章推导出气膜厚度小扰动和气膜挤压速度小扰动的压强摄动方程。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。