扰动

In Chapter 4 we discuss the solvable theorem of adaptive inverse optimal control problems, and proceed with controller designs of global asymptotic stability in probability, adaptive inverse optimal stabilization in probability and output-feedback adaptive inverse optimal stabilization in probability for strict-feedback stochastic nonlinear continuous systems with additive standard Wiener noises and constant unknown parameters using It〓's differentiation rule and an adaptive backstepping algorithm. Control laws and adaptive laws can be obtained at one time by this design scheme. Many simulations have been performed to validate the properties of the proposed adaptive control scheme.

在第4章中，针对具有标准Wiener噪声扰动和未知定常参数的不确定随机非线性系统，提出并证明了自适应逆最优控制问题可解定理，构造了适当形式的四次型随机控制Lvapunov函数，基于It〓微分规则和自适应Backstepping算法，系统地设计了全局依概率渐近稳定控制器、自适应逆最优控制器、输出反馈逆最优控制器以及在设计中如何处理二阶Hessian矩阵函数的方法，这种方法可同时获得控制律和自适应律，通过实例仿真，表明该控制算法是有效性的。

Furthermore , we discuss theperturbation of the generalized Drazin invertible operator.

其次，我们讨论了广义Drazin可逆算子的扰动问题。

The power supply can acquire real time online voltage signal of electric network and input into inverting system; generate synchronous signal and effective value of amplitude signal, then become SPWM pulse by wave generating chip SA4828. High degree sinus and good anti-disturbance performed power supply inverting can be also realized.

该电源可以在线实时采集电网电压送入逆变系统，实时产生同步信号和幅值有效值信号，通过波形产生芯片SA4828实时产生和采样电压同频同步且幅值可调的正弦脉宽调制脉冲，并采用开关线性复合功率变换技术，实现高正弦度和强抗负载扰动性能的电源逆变。

Some suggestions for future development in ionospheric disturbances detection for short-term and immediate earthquake prediction in China are given.

为未来中国探测电离层扰动进行短临地震预测工作提出了建议。

However, if we take ionospheric variations as a tool for short-term predictions before earthquakes, we still have a long way to go.

但要将震前的电离层扰动作为地震短临预报的工具，还有许多值得我们去深入研究和解决的问题。

By the principle of penalt function, the irrotational fluid field is constrained, and author has proposed the Difference Method for distinguishing fluid vortex modes among the natural modes of coupled systems. Author has calculated the real frequencies with the extra deductive method, and discussed the influence of the numerical solution due to the irrotational constraint.

对于流体有限扰动时的非线性耦合系统的有限元分析作了一些探讨，给出了非线性系统的基本方程、变分原理及有限元方程，并具体地导出了三维几何非线性流体单元的切线刚度公式，采用增量形式的Newmark预报——校正逐步积分法计算系统的动力响应，由Newton-Raphson迭代法及其修正方法求解系统的非线性方程组，还列出了不平衡力余量检查和位移迭代增量检查等迭代收敛判断准则。

The paper proposes two new dimension reduction algorithms: The First is On the Expected Distortion Bound of Direct Random Projection. The second is Anchor points based Isometric Embedding under least square error criterion. On the Expected Distortion Bound of Direct Random Projection has a time complexity of O.

本文分别提出了两种新的维数约减算法：(1)基于期望扰动的直接随机映像算法On the Expected Distortion Bound of Direct Random Projection，简称DRP(2基于锚点集的最小平方误差等距嵌入算法(Anchor points based Isometric Embedding under least square error criterion，简称AIE)。

Especially for stong nonlinearperturbation systems,the normal form theory and methods includingdefinition,basic properties and iterative computation,are developed.

我们对于强非线性扰动系统建立了包括定义、基本性质以及迭代计算方法在内的规范形理论和方法。

Most hurricanes in the Atlantic begin as very small atmospheric disturbances in the jet stream that flows from east to west of the sub-Saharan Africa.

大西洋中的大多数飓风一开始只是非洲撒哈拉地区从东向西的急流中非常小的大气扰动。

The relationship between the effect of friction on the motion and the parameters, including driving velocity, the kinetic friction coefficient, the friction drop number between the static and kinetic friction coefficient, and the joint equivalent spring stiffness, is investigated quantificationally.

本文分别计算这两类系统受同样激励时的摩擦扰动均值比，进行对比研究，在相同参数条件下，包括动摩擦系数，静动摩擦落差数和激励幅值，摩擦对微振动系统的影响一般要大于对有限刚体运动系统的影响。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。