扭转的

This paper analyzes from the theories and engineering examples to review rationality of the different torsion effect indexes, such as relative torsion effectθr/u, shear force ratioλbetween torsion and translation, eccentric angle of torsion.

本文从理论分析和算例考证两个方面，考查相对扭转效应θr／u、扭转与平动引起的剪力比值λ和楼层偏心扭转角α等不同扭转效应指标的合理性，研究不同指标的影响因素及它们之间的内在联系。

The relationship between inter-story torsion angle and torsion deformation ratio is deduced base on the rule of irregular plan structures in China tall building technical specification. Considering the inter-story ratio limitation of different performance levels under different earthquake hazard levels, a series of torsion angle demand curves are established and a new method named as Torsion Angle Capacity Spectrum is put forward for the PBSD of irregular plan frame structures.

从现行规范对平面不规则结构的限制条件出发，推导出了结构层间扭转角与扭转位移比的关系式，结合框架结构在不同性能水平下的层间侧移角限值，建立了平面不规则框架结构在不同地震作用水平下的扭转角需求曲线，提出了扭转角能力谱法。

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

The transepicondylar axis of different position has no effect on volume rendering technique measuring the humeral head retroversion angle with multi slice spiral CT.The top view at which lateral epicondyle of the humerus showing minitriangulum and the anterior surface of the distal humerus articulation with the forearm being shaded is more simple,faster and precise for the volume rendering technique measuring the humeral head retroversion angle with multi slice spiral CT.

结论］肱骨头扭转角变异较大，肩关节假体扭转角设计应个性化；肱骨远端不同位置内外上髁轴线对多层螺旋CT容积再现测量肱骨头扭转角没有影响；俯视位观察肱骨，当外上髁露出呈小三角形、肱骨远端前关节面被肱骨头遮盖重叠的位置是多层螺旋CT三维重建测量肱骨头扭转角的更简单、更快捷而且准确的测量位置。

The pressure fluctuations were measured at different positions along the axial direction on the tonge. The coherence analysis was utilized for illustrating the blade passing frequency cancellation mechanism. A 3-D flow visualization method, which overcame the blind slight from LDV and PTV, was used to present the differences of internal flow patterns.

实验中分别进行0度、5度与10度三种叶轮扭转角之设计，在横流扇出风口以声学人偶进行噪音量测，评估不同叶轮扭转角在操作转速下之风扇噪音、并分析其声音品质；另外在舌端上不同的轴向位置撷取其压力扰动频谱进行相干性分析，探讨舌端上因不同叶轮扭转角对周期性压力扰动之破坏之探讨。

After the accesssion to wto, our Financial market have to open to world Gradually so the Opposite and mature of mixed managing mode in Western country is must to be a Huge threat to our Financial market ,the Financial department's mixed managing mode has become a Inevitable Trend in our country , author intent to Analyze the research the Present condition of the Financial industry and the reportion of the International situation to Certificate the Necessity of the mixed managing mode and suggest the Measures to it's problem .

在国际经济一体化和金融国际化的浪潮下，我国分业模式下的金融体制日益暴露了整体竞争力不足的缺陷，再加入WTO以后我国金融行业逐步对外开放的背景下，西方国家相对成熟的混业经营模式必然对我国金融市场形成巨大的威胁，我国金融业的混业经营已成为不可扭转的历史趋势，本文旨在通过对我国金融市场现状的分析研究以及对国际金融形势的总结报告论证混业的必要性并对其可能带来的问题及解决措施提出一己之见，希望能够对&混业经营&有所帮助

There was a good correlation between Ptw,AVCtw,MVOtw,PTV,PUV,UntwR and age.2.Assessment of left ventricular twisting and untwisting of DCM patients19 DCM patients(range 18-80 yr,mean age 50.52±17.52 yr,2 females) and 21 age- and sex-matched normal controls(range18-80 yr,mean age 49.05±16.94 yr,5 females) were enrolled into this study.Then DCM patients were divided into two groups:E/A＜2 group and E/A＞2 group.The routine echo showed the left ventricle dilated and EF decreased.The results show that LV rotation degree, rotation velocity at baseline and apex were irregular changeable with the cardiac cycle;the rotation direction was clockwise at the base and counterclockwise at the apex,and are combined to yield a systolic counterclockwise twisting as seen from the apex,but the rotation at the basal and apex were the same direction in some patients.

扩心病患者左室扭转及解旋特征的研究选择扩张型心肌病(Dilated Cardiomyopathy，DCM)组患者19例(男性17例，女性2例，年龄18～82岁，平均50.52±17.52岁)，健康体检者21例(男性16例，女性5例，年龄18～80岁，平均49.05±16.94岁)作为对照组，扩心病患者按照E/A分为E/A＜2、E/A＞2两个亚组，结果显示：常规超声显示DCM组LVDd值增大，EF值减小；DCM患者左室心底部与心尖部心肌旋转角度、旋转速度随心动周期变化曲线明显紊乱；与正常组比较，DCM患者左室整体扭转角度和速度分别为(6.49±1.82)°、(67.84±15.60)°/s，较正常人显著减低P＜0.01左室舒张末及收缩末扭转角度DCM患者较正常人显著减低(P＜0.01，左室舒张末及收缩末时间在DCM-E/A＞2组较正常人及DCM-E/A＜2组显著缩短P＜0.01DCM患者左室解旋速度较正常人亦显著减低(P＜0.01，左室功能轻中度减低(DCM-E/A＜2)患者解旋率[(0.29±0.07)%]较正常人[(0.42±0.11)%]明显减低，但当左室功能重度减低(DCM-E/A＞2)时左室解旋率[(0.63±0.35)%]较正常人反而增加；左室整体扭转角度、舒张末扭转角度、收缩末扭转角度、解旋与左室射血分数未见明显相关性。3。

Objective Analysis the characteristic studying the ovary tumour pedicle reverses acoustic image that the patient examine by the abdomen route. Methods The pedicle of the ovary tumour by operation pathological confirms reverse 46 examples, 10 examples among them are incomplete torsions, 36 examples are to reverse completely, and to carry out by the abdomen route.

目的 分析卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转患者经腹超声检查的声像图特点方法选择经手术病理证实的卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转46例，其中10例不全扭转，36例为完全扭转，并对其经腹超声检查图像进行综合分析。

The sky above's kind of brocken and torn and every rose plucked from my hearts twisted with thorns and just when i think i'm on top i wonder how i'll get back down and just then the moment is lost, i stumble and i hit the ground and i just wanna feel a little safer, yeah i'm on my knees and i don't wanna deal with all this later, the pain i just can't take and i just wanna feel a little safer, yeah i'm on my knees and i don't wanna deal with all this later, just drifting on the breeze that someone in my head said to me, i can tell deep in your heart you'll find what you need wasted time building castles with sand and everynight i'll watch them fall and slip through my hands and just when i think i'm on top i wonder how i'll get back down and just then the moment is lost, i stumble and i hit the ground and i just wanna feel a little safer, yeah i'm on my knees and i don't wanna deal with all this later, the pain i just can't take and i just wanna feel a little safer, yeah i'm on my knees and i don't wanna deal with all this later, just drifting on the breeze

天空在种类之上brocken，并且撕毁和每上升了从用刺扭转的我的心脏采，并且，当我在我想知道的上面认为i'm怎麽我将回来击倒，并且片刻然后丢失，我绊倒，并且我击中地面，并且我在我的膝盖想要感觉更加安全的一点，呀i'm ，并且我不想要涉及所有以后的此，我就是不可能采取的痛苦，并且我在我的膝盖想要感觉更加安全的一点，呀i'm ，并且我不想要涉及所有以后的此，漂移在某人在我顶头说的微风对我，我在您将发现的您的心脏可以告诉深深什麽您需要被浪费的时间大厦城堡与我将观看他们通过我的手下落和滑倒的沙子和everynight ，并且，当我在我想知道的上面认为i'm怎麽我将回来击倒，并且片刻然后丢失，我绊倒，并且我击中地面，并且我在我的膝盖想要感觉更加安全的一点，呀i'm ，并且我不想要涉及所有以后的此，我就是不可能采取的痛苦，并且我在我的膝盖想要感觉更加安全的一点，呀i'm ，并且我不想要成交与所有以后这，漂移在微风

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。