扭应力

The origin、 development and present state of the container ship2. The deformation characters and collapse mode of the container ship3. The basic theory of thin-walled structural mechanics: The bending of the thin-walled beam; The unconstrained torsion of the thin-walled member bar; The constrained torsion of the thin-walled member bar with opening; The constrained of the thin-walled member bar with closed port.4. The calculation of the warp stress in the container ship based on the thin-walled structural mechanics theoryModeling of the hull ladder calculation based on referred mechanics theories of thin-walled member bar, calculation of crankle character of the each section, such as sectional coordinates、 Free twist shear flow、 secondary shear flow、 bend shear flow and so on.

本文主要包括下述六个方面的内容： 1 集装箱船的起源、发展和现状 2 集装箱船变形特征和破坏形式 3 薄壁结构力学的基本理论◇薄壁梁的弯曲；◇薄壁杆件的自由扭转；◇开口薄壁杆件的约束扭转；◇闭口薄壁杆件的约束扭转 4 利用薄壁结构力学理论计算集装箱船的翘曲应力建立船体阶梯计算模型，利用薄壁杆件力学中相关理论，求解各断面单元的弯扭特性，包括：扇性坐标、自由扭转剪流、二次剪流、弯曲剪流等。

If the instrument is subjected to torsional loads, the shear stress at every cross section is proportional to the torque and the radical distance from the bars axis, and is inverse proportional to the polar moment of inertia of the cross section.

扭转载荷下，横截面某点的切应力与扭距成正比，与到截面中心的距离也成正比，与横截面的极惯性距成反比。

By applying one couple of unit force on two suspension centers based on 3D FEM to calculate their relative displacement, coefficient of torsion displacement, the radial gate s torsional rigidity coefficient is derived; and its stress distribution is analyzed to solve radial gate s torsion problem.

基于空间有限单元法，对闸门吊点施加1对单位力计算出2个吊点的相对位移———闸门扭转挠度系数，进而推算出闸门抗扭刚度系数和单位位移下的应力状态，据此最终解决弧门的扭转问题。并通过某一工程实例的分析计算，表明该方法在生产设计中具有较好的实用性，可以有效地解决弧形闸门的扭转计算问题

After the lesser trochanter had been fixed, the stress concentration would reduce 25% and 28%, the rigidity would increase 20% and 31%, and the antitwisting strength would increase 23% and 29%.

结果］股骨小转子缺损和广泛缺损会导致股骨应力集中，强度分别增加31%、37%；股骨刚度分别下降29%、51%；股骨抗扭强度分别下降33%、54%。

Aiming at the fracture in operation of damageable pump shaft used on locomotive, macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the pattern of fractured cross section in pump shaft is conducted and it is recognized that the fracture is typically caused by combined action of bending and torsion fatigue.

针对机车用水泵轴在使用中容易发生断裂的问题，对水泵轴断口的宏观和细观形貌进行了分析，认为断口为典型的弯扭复合疲劳断口。通过检测水泵轴上装配的齿轮，发现由于齿轮的加工误差过大，在轴的退刀槽根部造成了较大的附加拉应力，最终导致轴的断裂。因此及时消除齿轮的加工误差，同时提高安装精度，是防止此类断裂发生的关键

The curve continual steel box Liang shearing force stagnates the effect finite element analysis box section Liang has the big flexural rigidity and torsional stiffness, the stress performance good, spanning ability big, on the bridge the field of vision open and so on the merits, is in the bridge design the commonly used structural style, when receives under the dead load or the symmetrical live load function winding, because the lifting surface detrusion causes its bending stress to present the non-uniform distribution condition along the Liang width direction, this phenomenon is called "the shearing force to stagnate the effect".

曲线连续钢箱梁剪力滞效应的有限元分析箱形截面梁具有较大的抗弯刚度和抗扭刚度、受力性能好、跨越能力大、桥上视野开阔等优点，是桥梁设计中常用的结构形式，在受恒载或对称活荷载作用下挠曲时，由于翼板的剪切变形致使其弯曲应力沿梁宽度方向呈现不均匀分布状态，此现象称为&剪力滞效应&。

To numerically simulate the stress-strain response of the components under multiaxial cyclic load- ing,an elastoplastic finite element analysis was adopted to thin tubular specimens under multiaxial proportion- al and nonproportional tension/torsion loading at high temperature.

为数值模拟构件在多轴循环加载下的应力应变响应，利用ANSYS分析软件对承受高温2轴比例与非比例循环拉扭加载下的光滑薄壁管件进行了弹塑性有限元分析。

This paper presents the principle and method for determining stress intensity factor Km from photoelastic test data.

本文提出了用光弹数据确定应力强度因子K_Ⅲ的原理和方法，进行了带径向贯穿裂纹的纯扭轴的典型实验，得到K_Ⅲ实验值与精确计算解偏差在8％以内。

The extrinsic reason is the bending and kinking of the lamellae under the applied stress.

非平衡态片层界面形成的外在因素是片层组织在外应力作用下的弯曲以及扭折。

The shear stress at some point and along arbitrary direction of the wringed pole just equals to the slope at the counterpoint and along perpendicular direction of the membrane.

扭杆横截面上某一点处的，沿任意方向的剪应力，就等于该薄膜在对应点处的，沿垂直方向的斜率。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。