扩散的

Analysis indicates that the mechanism of intermittent gas injection production mode to increase output is mainly binging domino of competition adsorption,while that of injection and production mode is mainly displacement .

描述了注气开采煤层气生产过程，分析表明间歇注气生产模式的增产机理主要是竞争吸附置换，而边注边采生产模式主要是驱替；反映基质孔隙扩散能力的综合传质系数不仅影响煤层气井的生产能力，而且影响矿井煤与瓦斯的突出；建立了单井间隙式注气开采煤层气的扩散渗流数学微分方程组；注气过程和采气过程渗流方程式形式相同，但质量源的流向不同，生产井内的边界条件不同。

Research on influence factors of capillary force in immiscible displacement ;2. Analysis indicates that the mechanism of intermittent gas injection production mode to increase output is mainly binging domino of competition adsorption,while that of injection and production mode is mainly displacement .

描述了注气开采煤层气生产过程，分析表明间歇注气生产模式的增产机理主要是竞争吸附置换，而边注边采生产模式主要是驱替；反映基质孔隙扩散能力的综合传质系数不仅影响煤层气井的生产能力，而且影响矿井煤与瓦斯的突出；建立了单井间隙式注气开采煤层气的扩散渗流数学微分方程组；注气过程和采气过程渗流方程式形式相同，但质量源的流向不同，生产井内的边界条件不同。

Classification and principle of rigid waterproofer;2. The circinal cavities were found in calcium alginate beads and the cylinder holes were observed in zinc alginate beads from the SEM,which indicated that the volume of fraction of zinc alginate polymer was relatively bigger and the zinc alginate polymer chain was more rigid than that of calcium alginate .

凝胶的SEM照片可见，海藻酸钙的冷冻干燥颗粒内为较大的圆孔，海藻酸锌凝胶内为较小的长孔，表明海藻酸锌高分子链在凝胶颗粒中的体积分率相对较大同时刚性较强；卵清蛋白从海藻酸凝胶颗粒中释放的试验结果表明，由于上述海藻酸锌凝胶的特性，导致海藻酸锌对卵清蛋白扩散阻滞作用相对较强；根据试验数据计算得卵清蛋白在海藻酸钙、海藻酸锌凝胶颗粒中的扩散系数分别为1。

The circinal cavities were found in calcium alginate beads and the cylinder holes were observed in zinc alginate beads from the SEM,which indicated that the volume of fraction of zinc alginate polymer was relatively bigger and the zinc alginate polymer chain was more rigid than that of calcium alginate .

凝胶的SEM照片可见，海藻酸钙的冷冻干燥颗粒内为较大的圆孔，海藻酸锌凝胶内为较小的长孔，表明海藻酸锌高分子链在凝胶颗粒中的体积分率相对较大同时刚性较强；卵清蛋白从海藻酸凝胶颗粒中释放的试验结果表明，由于上述海藻酸锌凝胶的特性，导致海藻酸锌对卵清蛋白扩散阻滞作用相对较强；根据试验数据计算得卵清蛋白在海藻酸钙、海藻酸锌凝胶颗粒中的扩散系数分别为1.19×10-7、0.07×10-7cm2/s，利用阻滞模型计算得海藻酸锌高分子链在凝胶颗粒中体积分率约为海藻酸钙高分子链在凝胶颗粒中体积分率的1.7倍。

Based on the theory of nonequilibrium statistics and density operator equation, the generalized master characteristic function for the nonextensive reaction-diffusion systems affected by pressure is derived by equation satisfied by calculating the time variation of probability distribution function, where the pressure of the nonextensive systems is given in the framework of Tsallis statistics.

依据非平衡统计及密度算子方程，通过计算概率分布函数的时间变化，得到了非广延反应扩散系统在压力作用时其特征函数满足的广义主方程，其中非广延反应扩散系统的压力在Tsallis统计的框架下给出。与唯象理论中的主方程比较，新得到的方程不仅依赖于非广延参量q而且有更多的非线性项，因此更具有普遍性。

Firstly, the reaction thermodynamics was analyzed. Then, the reaction mechanism was studied, and the results are as following:① Ca moves to the surface of Dy〓O〓 by vapor phase;② Dy〓O〓 reduced to Dy by Ca is fast;③ Dy moves to the Fe surface mainly by vapor and various Dy-Fe alloys are produced gradually;④ The forming process of DyFe〓 may be described by Contracting Core Model;⑤ The rate-controlling step of the reaction is the Dy diffusing toward contracted and nonreaction nuclear center Fe.

首先考察反应的热力学可能性；其次探讨反应机理；通过实验确定：①Ca主要以气态形式迁移到Dy〓O〓表面参与反应；②Dy〓O〓被Ca还原为Dy的速度很快；③Dy主要以气态形式迁移到Fe表面逐级生成Dy-Fe合金；④DyFe〓的形成过程可以应用收缩核模型来描述；⑤Dy通过DyFe〓产物层向缩小的未反应核中心Fe的扩散是反应的控速步骤，通过动力学计算确定：还原扩散反应的表观活化能E〓=45kJ/mol。

First, a full three-dimensional numerical model is developed, which considering not only the rib resistance to the species, but both the single- and two-phase flow and transport in the gas channels and diffusers at both the anode and cathode sides of PEM fuel cell. Two sets of boundary conditions, one for a conventional flow field and the other for an interdigitated one, are presented. A detailed discussion of the numerical techniques for the PEM fuel cell model is given with a flow diagram to provide an overview of the solution procedure using FORTRAN language.

该模型考虑了双极板上流道间的筋部对于反应气体传递阻力以及电流密度分布的影响，从而使模型具有三维特性；建模过程中进一步考虑了流道和扩散层中可能存在的液态水，从而将现有的单相流动模型拓展成为两相流动模型，因此，该模型可以同时模拟电池内部阴极、阳极侧流道和扩散层中两相流动的发生和分布情况；分别给出了平行流场燃料电池和交指型燃料电池的边界条件；详细讨论的三维模型的耦合求解算法和技巧；用实验数据验证的该模型的准确性。

Chapter 7: The COD〓 distribution in Yangtze River is researched, especially the diffusive coefficient and decay coefficient.

第七章，在流场计算的基础上，以某一流线作边界，重新划分网格，结合环境流体力学的特点对COD浓度的对流、扩散问题进行了专门研究，结合长江及其支流的大量实地资料对扩散系数、衰减系数进行了统计研究及模型率定，得出了一些合理的参数为以后进一步的研究打下了良好的基础。

The calculation of parameter m_0,that is the amount of CO_2 absorbed by unit volume of concrete completely carbonated,was proposed by the analysis of concrete hydration process and carbonation mechanism,and the simplification formula of fly ash concrete applied in practice was suggested.The calculation of another important parameter D_e,that is the effective diffusion coefficient,was also proposed on the basis of the mechanism gas diffusion in concrete.

通过对混凝土水化过程、碳化机理的深入分析，提出了模型参数——完全碳化时单位体积混凝土吸收二氧化碳的量m_0的计算方法，并给出了工程中常用粉煤灰混凝土的简化实用公式；基于气体在混凝土中扩散机理的分析，给出了另一个重要的模型参数——二氧化碳在混凝土中有效扩散系数D_e的计算公式。

According to the experimental results, both the conducting area and material of current collector slices have great influence on the performance of micro PEMFC, especially the former one. The increment of cell's performance is finite by increasing the gas reheats temperature. The performance is better for open ratio 75% compared with 50% and 67%. The concentration polarization is improved by increasing the air flow rate at high current density and if the GDL diffusive capability in the latter cell could be promoted, the differences between these two cells' performances would be reduced.

由实验结果可知，集电片的导电面积与材料对於电池性能有显著的影响，尤其是前者；对於增加反应气体的再热温度，微型燃料电池增加的性能有限；双极板开孔率75%相较於开孔率为50%与67%有最佳的性能曲线；增加阴极气体空气的流量，可以改善高电流情况下的浓度极化现象，所以若我们能增加气体扩散层的扩散能力，则可以减少两者的性能差距。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。