扩散的

Chapter 2Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the effect of catenation on methane diffusion as well as diffusion mechanism in those materials.

第二章我们进一步研究了互穿结构对甲烷扩散的影响以及气体在该类材料中的扩散机理，发现互穿结构导致室温下甲烷的扩散系数被降低了3～5倍，远大于对氢气扩散系数的影响。

And we show that random walk model converges to the stable law of Lévy-Feller advection-dispersion equation by use of a properly scaled transition to vanish-ing space and time steps,We propose an explicit finite difference approximation for Lévy-Feller advection-dispersion equation.

第三章讨论描述服从某种稳定分布反常扩散的非对称空间分数阶对流-扩散方程——Lévy-Feller对流-扩散方程，首先利用Fourier变换和Laplace变换给出方程的基本解，然后利用Grünwald-Letnikov分数阶导数移位离散算子离散方程中的Riesz-Feller分数阶导数得到离散格式，证明此格式可以解释为离散随机游走模型，并且证明了当时间和空间步长以一定的比率同时趋于0时，所提出的离散随机游走模型收敛到Lévy-Feller对流-扩散过程的稳定分布。

In China, there are a lot of great development on industrial cluster, such as the high-tech industrial cluster in Zhong Guan Chun Science Park, Beijing, the extroversive machining industrial cluster in Dong Guan, Guang Dong province, and the industrial clusters of civil SMEs in Wen Zhou, Zhe Jiang province etc. Nevertheless, generally, it is still not balanceable on the development of industrial cluster in China.

本文首先对产业集群内的技术创新扩散进行了一般性分析，研究了技术创新扩散的动力机制、影响条件、模式及过程，从而掌握了其发展轨迹和一般规律，并指出了存在于产业集群内的技术创新扩散活动的特征，分析了不同产业集群模式对扩散活动的影响。

It has been found that the cation exchange on diffusivity may play the role in different ways for different zeolites. When the diameter of the diffusant molecule is much smaller than the pore or cage size of the zeolite, the influence of exchanged cations is mainly by way of altering the electric field intensity (or the density of electric charge), the large the Z/r of the exchanged cations, the smaller the diffusivity; while the diameter of the molecule is apporsi- mately equal to the pore or channel size of the zeolite, the exchanged cations may affect the diffusivity by means of blocking up or narrowing the channels of the zeolite.

金属阳离子交换对扩散的影响表现为：当扩散分子的直径比分子筛孔道直径小得多时，交换阳离子以改变分子筛内部电场强度或电荷密度的方式影响扩散速度，阳离子的Z/r越大，扩散系数越小；当扩散分子直径与分子筛孔道直径相近时，交换阳离子则因堵塞或窄化孔道而改变分子的扩散速度。

This thesis is divided into five chapters:Chapter one is the industrialization of the region "externally driven" and the diffusions of the manufacturing industry. It discusses on regional economic development in two ways -"endogenous development" and "externally driven", descripts and sum up China's southeastern coastal areas to undertake international spread of the historical process of industrialization, and analysis its conditions to be the first to accept the of industry diffusion.

本文主体部分共分五章：第一章是区域工业化的&外部推动&与制造业扩散，探讨区域经济发展的两种方式——&内生发展&和&外部推动&，提出接受&外部推动&是实现区域发展和工业化的重要方式，进而研究作为&外部推动&的主要力量——国际制造业扩散的历史时空演进，同时描述和总结了中国东南沿海地区承接国际制造业扩散的历史进程，并对其能够率先接受制造业扩散的条件进行了分析。

The new model adapts an operator like coherence enhancement diffusion for edge orientation, and defines eigenvalues based on edgers orientation such that the new tensor has positive diffusion coefficient in edge direction and negative diffusion coefficient in gradient direction.

采用类似相干增强扩散的边缘定向算子实现对边缘的定向，然后根据边缘定向的结果设置扩散张量的特征根，使扩散张量沿边缘方向为正向扩散以增强边缘，而垂直于边缘方向为逆扩散以锐化边缘。

Based on the above-mentioned parameter, according to the relationship between robust estimation and nonlinear diffusion, the Turkey loss function is introduced as the diffusion function in SAR image decomposition because of its better performance, and the contour of an image is extracted by the Turkey diffusion function with the proposed diffusion parameter mentioned above. The experiment results indicate that the Turkey loss function based diffusion process can strengthen the conspicuous contour. Additionally, a Raita\'s criterion-based method, solving the automatic diffusion threshold, is proposed to automatically set the threshold in diffusion decomposition.

针对基于梯度参数和局域方差系数的扩散在对SAR图像进行分解时存在的缺陷，提出了一种局域方差系数与窗口幅度均值积的扩散系数，该系数能够更有效地实现潜在目标区域和背景区域的区分；在此基础上，根据鲁棒估计与非线性扩散的联系，引入扩散效果更好的Turkey损失函数作为图像分解中的扩散函数，并结合局域方差系数与窗口幅度均值积的扩散参数来提取图像的轮廓，结果表明：基于Turkey损失函数的扩散过程对特征突出的边缘所起的&强化作用&更加明显；此外，针对扩散分解中的阈值确定问题，提出了一种基于拉依达准则的扩散阈值自动求解方法，实现了扩散阈值的自动求解。

The numerical solution of carbon diffusion was solved and the finite difference method was used, the inner boundary conditions of the meshes were treated using diffusional flux and carbon's activity, and adaptive software was assembled. The system of identification indicated that the numerical results were accordant to the expermental results.

用有限差分法寻求异种接头碳扩散的数值解，利用扩散通量和扩散驱动力活度的知识处理了网格的内边界，编制了相应的软件，辨识结果表明用有限差分法进行异种接头界面碳扩散迁移的定量计算和状态辨识与试验结果的分布趋势是一致的。

Scholars both here and abroad widely accept that diffusional environment is one of the most important factors to influence green-technology diffusion. To eliminate or conquer green technology diffusion obstacles so that to promote green-technology's rapid and broad diffusion, most researchers bring forward a series of suggestions of improve diffusional environment.

尽管国内外学者普遍认同扩散环境是影响绿色技术扩散的重要因素，为减轻或克服绿色技术扩散壁垒，达到促进绿色技术快速、大范围扩散的目标，许多研究人员提出一系列改善扩散环境的建议。

Traditional theory of chemical diffusion in solid states can not describe the relation of diffusion fluxes and diffusion-induced stresses because the research subject of the traditional theory is the diffusing atom or atomic flux, not the volume unit in the interdiffusion field.

传统固体化学扩散理论的研究对象是扩散的原子或原子流，并不关心互扩散区域内微观体积单元的变化，因此无法描述原子扩散流与应力之间的关系。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！