扩展的

Another MCU, 89C2051 is used to realize the control of the three rows LED monitor showing coordinates of axis X and Z axis and other state of the system. Charnel A and C of 8155 are used for editor keyboard, which make the inputting or editing of the NC code and data possible. Charnel P1 of 8031 is used for the operation keyboard such as system power on/off and movement of axis X or Z. a programmable parallel I/O chip, 8255, is used to achieve system I/O and the transmission of other information. In summarize, the system developed is characterized by its simplicity, low development cost and high reliability.

在CPU存储器扩展电路设计中， CPU选用MCS-51系列的8031单片机，外扩32K的程序存储器和 8K的数据存储器，分别用于存放系统管理程序、数控加工程序以及运算数据；在显示电路设计中，选用MCS-51系列的89C2051单片机作为从CPU，控制三排LED显示器，用于X轴、Z轴动态坐标以及相关数字的动态显示；在手动键盘和编辑键盘设计中选用8155芯片的PA口和PC口作为行、列母线，扩展矩阵式编辑键盘，用于程序和数据的输入或编辑，同时选用8031单片机的P1口扩展手动键盘，用于系统启动、停止以及运动部件在X、Z轴方向的手动控制；在I/O口扩展电路设计中选用8255芯片扩展输入输出口，用于接收和传送开关量及相关信息。

The feature of typical multiple rotational loess landslides is: large scale, deep sliding face, three-five sliding face cascades, single landslide with the "plough" structural character of behind high and sheer-middle subdued-front tilt. The main formation mode of landslide is creeping-sliding-tensile fracturing. The failure modes contain extensive rotation sliding, digressive rotation sliding and compound rotation sliding.

2典型多级旋转型黄土滑坡特征表现为：规模大、滑带深、3-5级滑面分层叠置、单个滑面成后缘高陡-中部平缓-前缘微翘的"犁式"结构特征；其变形破坏方式表现为：蠕滑-滑移-拉裂-块体滑动-旋转-逐级扩展，其扩展方式主要包括：扩展式旋转滑动、渐灭式旋转滑动和复合式旋转滑动。

Based on basic concept and model,this paper points out that equal attention should be paid to"circle expanding model"and"exclave expanding model".

在城市土地扩展基本理论模式基础上，提出西安市以圈层式和飞地式扩展并重的基本理念，即今后相当时期，城市扩展在挖潜的前提下，应以圈层扩展和飞地式扩张并重，近期以前者为主，远期考虑以后者为主。

Furthermore, the theory foundation and analysis method are put forward. We use optical extent to analyze the system. The change of optical extent, caused by arc length of light source and reflective bowl attached the light source, is analyzed in detail. Moreover, the light output by optical extent curve of light source with reflector is measured by experiment. Base on the analysis and experiment, four hypothesis are put forward to construct the true model of light source.

文中采用光学扩展量对系统进行评价分析，研究了光源经冷反光碗输出后的光学扩展量以及光源弧长与扩展量之间的关系，并测试了实际光源光学扩展量与能量分布的关系，在实验基础上提出光源模型的四点假设，建立实际体光源模型及冷反光碗模型，使系统的模拟仿真具有最大的可靠性与真实性。

Considering multiple expansion objectives (including minimizing the aggregate expansion cost and maximizing the degrees of successfulness, compatibility, and uniqueness), the purpose of this study is to design an effective expansion process to help a firm in expanding the benefit sets to fully satisfy the consumer's needs. The work presented in this paper is different from previous studies in practical situations and applications.

本研究之主要目的，即是在考量多个扩展目标（包括追求成功程度、相容程度、独特程度之极大化，及扩展成本之极小化）下，设计能力集合之有效扩展过程与方法，帮助厂商有效地扩展其优势特性集合，以满足消费者真正的需求。

About the theory of the model errors, there are many theoretical problems to be solved, and many disscusional fields to be expanded and perfected.

但是测量平差中的模型误差的理论还有许多问题有待完善、扩展、深入，如函数模型可扩展到附有条件模型、概括函数模型、非线性模型；随机模型可扩展到相关、秩亏等情况；误差理论可扩展到线性近似误差。

The major achievement of this paper is: Based on characteristics of the traffic data distribution, execute pattern recognition operations on traffic condition on two dimensions by clustering, then use BP neural network to describe and forecast traffic flow aiming at each pattern. Making use of classic flow-occupancy inverse "V" model, implement polynomial fitting using least-squares algorithm and statistics method on flow curves to detect outliers which are proved to be not accord with practice through the actual implement, then use the moving average model to recorrect the outliers and absent. Make correlation analysis on muti-direction flow queues of the intersection and ones of upriver intersections, choose flow queue with high correlation as assistant one to improve the error tolerance of the prediction system, at the same time we can use the method to give an estimation of flow in intersection with out sensors. We design and implement an SOA(Service-Oriented Architecture)-based UTDD(urban traffic data mining development) with high expansibility and performance, which implement unified management and call of the data-mining application though defining a XML-based description of data-mining process and a common interface to call data-mining process, finally we build traffic flow prediction application model on UTDD.

根据交通流量数据分布的特征，提出基于k-means的二次聚类方法，对交通流量在流量大小和时间上进行模式划分，进而对各个交通流模式进行基于BP神经网络的描述和预测，从而提高模型对流量预测的精度； 2）根据流量/时间占有率倒&V&字形曲线分布模型，提出基于最小二乘法的三次多项式曲线拟合和统计方法的异常检测方法，实际应用表明该方法能够有效识别异常数据，然后根据移动平均算法对异常数据进行修正； 3）基于序列相关性分析，分别对预测方向的交通流量数据序列、上游路口相关序列以及预测路口其它各个方向上的交通流量序列进行分析，选择相似性流量序列，作为辅助序列提供其他没有检测器路口的流量估计； 4）设计和实现了基于SOA（Service-Oriented Achitecture）的高性能、可扩展的智能交通数据挖掘系统UTDD，该系统通过定义基于XML的数据挖掘过程描述和通用的过程模型接口，实现数据挖掘应用的统一管理和调用，最后在UTDD上建立了基于路口流量预测的应用模型。

The coarsened structure perpendicular to primary crack plane exhibits better propagation resistance than that parallel with primary crack plane, but it seems that crack propagation property at high temperature can not be improved by changing γ′precipitates morphology.

颗粒形态不会改变裂纹扩展路径及微观机制，粗化结构的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力随温度升高而降低的趋势比原始结构剧烈，同时与主裂纹面垂直的粗化结构具有比与主裂纹面平行的粗化结构更好的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力，但通过改变γ′形态似乎不能改善高温下裂纹扩展性能。

This chapter starts with the determination of primary sense of under. Then it focuses on how its spatial senses are extended from the central image schema to its transformations by metonymy. Next, this part also focuses on how its metaphorical senses are extended in terms of the central image schema and transformations by metaphor. In these analyses, this thesis summarizes four kinds of relations: the relation of UP-DOWN, the relation of HIGH-LOW, COVERING relation or the relation of IN-OUT and the relation of SOURCE-PATH-GOAL. Lots of metaphorical senses of under are derived from these basic spatial relations. In this thesis, the relations between the senses derived from central image schema and those derived from its transformations are explored at length. The relations between the spatial senses derived from central image schema and transformations and the metaphorical senses derived from them are also explored at length. The above analyses demonstrate that the sense extension of the spatial preposition is motivated by image schema, which also provides the root for metonymic and metaphorical extension. The semantic network of under is diagramed finally.

论文首先确定了under的首要意义；然后集中探讨了它的空间意义如何从中心意象图式，通过转喻形成许多变体，从而得以延伸；接着分析了它的隐喻意义如何从中心意象图式及其变体通过隐喻而得以延伸，在此分析中，本论文总结了四种关系：上—下关系﹑高—低关系﹑覆盖关系或里—外关系和起点—路径—目标关系，under的很多隐喻意义源于这些基本的空间关系；本论文还对源于中心意象图式的空间意义与源于其变体的空间意义的关系进行了详细的剖析；对源于中心意象图式与其变体的空间意义及其延伸的隐喻意义之间的关系，也同样进行了详细的剖析；通过分析论证了，意象图式是空间介词义项扩展的源泉，同时也为转喻和隐喻提供了基础；最后得出under的语义网络。

In this project, the selection criteria of matrix and reinforcement for obtaining composites with high strength and toughness are determined. The as-cast and aged microstructures of composites reinforced with particles of different strength are observed, and their metallurgical conditions and stabilization mechanisms are analyzed. The aging precipitation behaviors and mechanisms are studied. Some characteristics of nano-materials (micro-distortion areas) are found in 150nm- Al2O3p/Al composites and their formation mechanisms are expatiated. The "flexible" restriction to the deformation of the matrix by low strength AlN particle is observed by in-situ TEM and SEM techniques, and the mechanisms of its resist on cracks propagation and its contribution to composite strength are revealed. The high temperature deformation behaviors of Al2O3p/Al composites are studied. A rare-earth coating is established on sub-micron Al2O3 particles, leading to an improvement in wettability between coated Al2O3 and liquid aluminum and a decrease in infiltration pressure. The strength and ductility of coated particles reinforced composite are also increased. The interfacial characteristics, bonding structures and their formation mechanisms are studied, and the crystal orientation relationships between reinforcement particles and aluminum matrix are investigated. Finally a lighter composite with better balance of strength and damping properties is reinforced with hollow ceramic microballoons of ultra-lower strength.

本项目发现了获得高强度和高韧性复合材料的基体、增强体选择依据；观察了各种强度质点增强复合材料的铸态和时效态微观组织，分析其微观结构形成的金属学条件及稳定性机理，研究了其时效析出规律和时效机制，发现了150nmAl2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料基体中的纳米材料特征，并解释了其形成机理；利用TEM和SEM动态拉伸技术发现了低强度质点AlN颗粒对变形协调的&柔性强化&机制，揭示了其对裂纹扩展的阻碍作用和对复合材料高强度的贡献；研究了中强度质点的Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料的高温变形行为，并对其进行了稀土界面层设计与制备，改善了颗粒与铝合金之间的界面润湿性，降低了复合材料铸造渗透压力，提高了复合材料的强、韧性；研究了多种复合材料界面结构及形成机理，确定了增强体与基体之间的界面结合机制，分析了复合材料界面处的晶体学位向关系；最后制备了含微孔的中空型陶瓷颗粒增强的特种复合材料，得到了强度和阻尼综合性能较好的轻质复合材料。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。