托运人

ALL EXPENSES FOR SHPR'S ACCT.

一切费用由托运人承担。

From the practical situation of being one of the biggest shipping countries, the author refers to the advanced experience of the other countries and put forward a detailed suggestion on establishing and improving the right of control of goods by sea. If its helpful to the revision of the Law of Admiralty, the author will feel gratified.

第四章具体分析了托运人单方变更合同权利制度的内容，第五章分析完善《海商法》中托运人单方变更合同权利制度的必要性，并结合我国航运大国的实际，借鉴国际先进立法成果，提出建立和完善托运人单方面变更合同权利制度具体建议，以期对《海商法》的修改起到有益的促进作用。

Article 56 The carrier's liability for the loss of or damage to the goods shall be limited to an amount equivalent to 666.67 Units of Account per package or other shipping unit, or 2 Units of Account per kilogramme of the gross weight of the goods lost or damaged, whichever is the higher, except where the nature and value of the goods had been declared by the shipper before shipment and inserted in the bill of lading, or where a higher amount than the amount of limitation of liability set out in this Article had been agreed upon between the carrier and the shipper.

第五十六条承运人对货物的灭失或者损坏的赔偿限额，按照货物件数或者其他货运单位数计算，每件或者每个其他货运单位为666.67计算单位，或者按照货物毛重计算，每公斤为2计算单位，以二者中赔偿限额较高的为准。但是，托运人在货物装运前已经申报其性质和价值，并在提单中载明的，或者承运人与托运人已经另行约定高于本条规定的赔偿限额的除外。

Article 56 The carriers liability for the loss of or damage to the goods shall be limited to an amount equivalent to 666.67 Units of Account per package or other shipping unit, or 2 Units of Account per kilogramme of the gross weight of the goods lost or damaged, whichever is the higher, except where the nature and value of the goods had been declared by the shipper before shipment and inserted in the bill of lading, or where a higher amount than the amount of limitation of liability set out in this Article had been agreed upon between the carrier and the shipper.

第五十六条承运人对货物的灭失或者损坏的赔偿限额，按照货物件数或者其他货运单位数计算，每件或者每个其他货运单位为666.67计算单位，者按照货物毛重计算，每公斤为2计算单位，以二者中赔偿限额较高的为准。但是，托运人在货物装运前已经申报其性质和价值，并在提单中载明的，或者承运人与托运人已经另行约定高于本条规定的赔偿限额的除外。

Article 56 The carrier's liability for the loss of or damage to the goods shall be limited to an amount equivalent to 666.67 Units of Account per package or other shipping unit, or 2 Units of Account per kilogramme of the gross weight of the goods lost or damaged, whichever is the higher, except where the nature and value of the goods had been declared by the shipper before shipment and inserted in the bill of lading, or where a higher amount than the amount of limitation of liability set out in this Article had been agreed pon between the carrier and the shipper.

第五十六条承运人对货物的灭失或者损坏的赔偿限额，按照货物件数或者其他货运单位数计算，每件或者每个其他货运单位为666.67计算单位，者按照货物毛重计算，每公斤为2计算单位，以二者中赔偿限额较高的为准。但是，托运人在货物装运前已经申报其性质和价值，并在提单中载明的，或者承运人与托运人已经另行约定高于本条规定的赔偿限额的除外。

Article 56 The carrier's liability f the loss of damage to the goods shall be limited to an amount equivalent to 666.67 Units of Ac per package other shipping unit, 2 Units of Ac per kilogramme of the gross weight of the goods lost damaged, whichever is the higher, except where the nature value of the goods had been d by the shipper befe shipment ed in the bill of lading, where a higher amount than the amount of limitation of liability set out in this Article had been agreed upon between the carrier the shipper.

第五十六条承运人对货物的灭失或者损坏的赔偿限额，按照货物件数或者其他货运单位数计算，每件或者每个其他货运单位为666.67计算单位，者按照货物毛重计算，每公斤为2计算单位，以二者中赔偿限额较高的为准。但是，托运人在货物装运前已经申报其性质和价值，并在提单中载明的，或者承运人与托运人已经另行约定高于本条规定的赔偿限额的除外。

A service contract is a confidential contract between a VOCC and 1 or more shippers in which the shipper make a cargo commitment, and the carrier makes a rate and service commitment.

服务合同是一家有船承运人与一个和多个托运人签订的保密合同，在合同中托运人对货量做出承诺，承运人对运价和服务做出承诺。

The appearance of NVOCC links up the relation of owners cargo and common carriers,and makes the market of foreign trade transportation activity,decrease the transportation cost in some extent.But in another aspect,NVOCC take part in the whole procedure of transportation,the legal relation of consigners and common carriers was blocked,and this will add risks of the consigners.

无船承运人的出现，沟通了货主和远洋公共承运人之间的联系，活跃了外贸运输市场，在某种程度上降低了中小货主的运输成本，但是，另一方面无船承运人参与整个运输过程，阻断了货主托运人与远洋公共承运人之间的法律联系，可能增加货主托运人的风险。

Based on the CMC抯 stipulation regarding the shipper and referring to the international trade practice on the FOB business, this paper analyses the FOB seller抯 legal status and its rights and obligations as a shipper.

从我国《海商法》对托运人的规定出发，结合FOB国际货物买卖的实际情况讨论其卖方作为托运人的法律地位及其权利与义务。

I The Shipper warrants to the Carrier that the particulars relating to the Goods as set out overleaf have been checked by the Shipper on receipt of this Bill of Lading and that such particulars and any other particulars furnished by or on behalf of the Shipper are correct.

i 托运人向运送人保证，托运人在收到本提单时已经检查与后页所列货物相关的详细说明且由托运人或代表托运人提供的上述详细说明和其它任何详细说明准确无误。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。