托叶的

Leaves alternate; stipules small, undivided, caducous; petiole with 2 apical glands; leaf blade entire, pinnately veined, eglandular above, below with a pair of distinct basal glands and with additional smaller submarginal glands.

叶互生 ；托叶小，没有分开，早落；叶柄具2顶端的腺体；全缘的叶片，成羽状脉，在上面无腺体，在下面具一对离生的基部腺体并且具另外的小的近缘腺体。

Radical leaves: stipules ovate, herbaceous, adnate to petiole; petiole sheathing at base; leaf blade imparipinnate; leaflets opposite, rarely alternate, broadly elliptic or obovate-oblong; cauline leaves few, with few leaflets, or simple and then margin 3-lobed or 2- or 3-serrate.

胚根叶：托叶卵形，草本，贴生于叶柄；叶柄具鞘的在基部；叶片奇数羽状；小叶对生，很少互生，宽椭圆形或倒卵形长圆形；很少的茎生叶，有很少传单，3浅裂的或单的然后空白边2或3使成锯齿波。

Flowers opening at same time as leaves; stipules usually lanceolate to linear, 3–5 mm.

在与叶相同的时间开阔的的花；托叶通常披针形的到线形，3-5毫米 30 C。

Leaves opposite , very rarely stipulate, petiolate, entire, leathery to papery, usually glabrous; secondary veins usually prominent, numerous to few, oblique to perpendicular to midvein; tertiary veins reticulate, with adaxial brownish transvenous resin canals and abaxial linear or intervenous translucent glands; petiole often with basal liguliform appendage.

叶对生 ，极少具托叶，具叶柄，全缘，革质到纸质，通常无毛；次脉通常突出，许多对很少，偏斜到与中脉垂直；第三脉网状，具正面带褐色的transvenous树脂道并且背面线形或脉间的半透明的腺体；叶柄通常具基生舌状的附属物。

Leaves paripinnate, alternate, sessile; leaflets usually in many pairs, first pair small, like stipules, others evidently larger, usually serrate; lateral veins often many, extending to tips of dentate margins, parallel.

偶数羽状复叶，互生，无梗；小叶通常很多对，第一对小的，象托叶，其它的明显大，通常有锯齿的；通常的侧脉很多，延伸至具齿边缘顶部，平行。

This problem is reflected in the descriptive literature by numerous rather vague terms and the frequent use of the prefix pseudo- e.g., pseudobulb, pseudolamina, pseudopetiole, pseudostipule, etc.

那些描述性文献中大量出现的相当模糊的术语，以及前缀pseudo-的频繁使用（如假球茎、假叶片、假叶柄、假托叶等等）正是这种争议的反映。

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate; stipules deciduous or evergreen, small, pinnately veined; leaf blade simple, elliptic to lanceolate, secondary veins spreading or curved, margin glandular dentate or spinose dentate, rarely crenate or entire.

灌木或乔木叶互生，具叶柄；托叶脱落或者常绿，小，成羽状脉；平展的或弄弯的单叶，椭圆形到披针形，次脉，边缘具腺齿或具刺的具牙齿，很少具圆齿的或全缘。

Styles apically broadened and 2-cleft or emarginate; drupes globose to ellipsoid, apex and base rounded to obtuse; stipules ovate-lanceolate to ovate, enfolding naked terminal bud; leaf blade base symmetric or weakly asymmetric.

花柱顶部变宽和2半裂或微缺；核果的球状的到椭圆形，先端和基部圆形到钝；托叶卵状披针形到卵形，包无遮盖的顶芽；叶片基部对称的或稍不对称。 1 C 。 philippensis 大果油朴

Sometimes armed with stinging hairs; epidermal cells of leaves, sometimes stems, perianths mostly with prominent cystoliths punctiform to linear; Leaves alternate or opposite, stipules present, rarely absent; leaf blade simple. Inflorescences cymose, paniculate, racemose, spicate, or cluster-capitate, usually formed from glomerules, sometimes crowded on common enlarged cuplike or discoid receptacle, rarely reduced into a single flower. Flowers unisexual, rarely bisexual in partial flowers; actinomorphic, very small,(1-)4- or 5-merous, rarely perianth absent in female flowers.

有时具有蛰毛的刺；叶的表皮细胞，有时茎和花被的表皮细胞大部分有显著的点状或线形的乳状体；叶互生或者对生，托叶有，很少无；单叶花序聚伞状，圆锥状，总状，穗状，或者丛生头状花序，花单性，部分花两性；辐射对称，小，(1-)4-或者5瓣，很少在雌花内无花被。

Leaflets 1.5-2 mm, adaxially setose on veins, apically long caudate-acuminate; bases of petioles and of petiolules with numerous lanceolate, stipulelike appendages; pedicels longer, glabrous; rootstock fleshy, 2-5-fascicled.

小叶1.5-2毫米，正面具刚毛的在脉上，顶部长尾状渐尖；和小叶柄具多数披针形，托叶状的附属物的叶柄基部；花梗长，无毛；肉质的根茎，2-5簇生。 5 P。 pseudoginseng 假人参

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。