托叶的

Leaves alternate, 3-veined from base, margin subentire to serrate; stipules usually changed into 1 or 2 lignified, erect or revurved spines.

叶互生，3脉的自基部，边缘近全缘对有锯齿的；托叶通常变成1或2木质化，直立或者revurved具刺。

Leaves alternate, long petiolate, 2-4 × ternately compound, rarely simple; stipules membranous; leaflets lanceolate, ovate, or broadly ovate to elliptic, margin dentate.

叶互生，具长叶柄， 2-4 *三出的化合物，很少单；托叶膜质披针形，卵形的小叶，或宽卵形到椭圆形，边缘具牙齿。

Shrubs, usually aerial hemiparasites on other seed plants, often spreading along host by runners, more rarely terrestrial root-parasitic shrubs or trees, nodes not articulated, glabrous or hairy, hairs often stellate or verticillate. Leaves opposite or alternate, stipules absent; petiole often indistinct; leaf blade simple, usually pinnately veined, margin entire.

灌木，通常半寄生在其它种子植物的树上，通过匍匐茎在寄主身上延伸，很少为根寄生的地生灌木或乔木，节没有关节，无毛或有毛，通常为星状毛或具毛轮，对生叶或交替，托叶无；叶柄不明显；单叶，通常羽状脉，边缘全缘。

Leaves opposite or whorled, serrate; stipules tiny; petioles connected by a transverse ridge on stem.

叶对生或轮生，有锯齿；托叶极小；在词干上一座横裂的脊连结的叶柄。

Leaves opposite, usually in many pairs; stipules small; petioles short, connate at base, forming a short sheath; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, margin serrate, with 1 gland at serrate tip.

叶对生，通常有多对；托叶小；叶柄短，在基部的合生，形成一短鞘；叶片椭圆形，卵状椭圆形，或椭圆形披针形，边缘有锯齿，在有锯齿端部的具1腺体。

Flowers axillary, solitary (or in few-flowered clusters); mericarps each with 3 prominent cusps, 2 abaxial and 1 apical; stipules lanceolate, 5-7 mm.

腋生的花，孤独或在内少数花簇生；分果爿其中每个3 杰出尖端，背轴的2 和1 顶端；托叶披针形，5-7毫米 1 M。

A sheath formed at the node of a stem by the fusion of two stipules,as in the rhubarb plant.

托叶鞘两片托叶接合于枝干的结上而形成的一种鞘，如在大黄属植物中

Leaf blade broadest well below middle, 3-6 cm; stipules less than 3 mm; female sepals all less than 5 mm.

叶片最宽的健康的中间以下，3-6厘米；托叶不到3毫米；雌花萼片全部不到5毫米 2 C。

Small subshrubs, less than 25 cm tall; stipules often over 20 mm, longitudinally 8-10-ribbed; inflorescences solitary, over 5 cm.

小亚灌木，25厘米高的不到；经常的托叶超过20毫米，纵向8-10 肋；花序单生，超过5 厘米 2

Carpels 4–15, borne at base of flat or slightly concave torus; stipules not adnate to petiole.

心皮4-15，承担平的或稍凹花托的在基部；托叶而不是贴生于叶柄。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。