托叶

Leaves opposite, subopposite, whorled, spiraled, or alternate, usually petiolate, estipulate; petiole sometimes persistent and thornlike; leaf blade simple, margin entire or subentire, sometimes toothed, glands often present between crenations of proximal margin and at base or on petiole.

叶对生，近对生，轮生，螺旋状排列，或者互生，通常具叶柄，无托叶；叶柄有时宿存并刺状；单叶，边缘全缘或者近全缘，有时具齿，通常在近端部和基部的圆锯齿之间或叶柄上有腺体。

Leaves simple or compound, usually alternate or opposite, usually exstipulate.

单叶或复合，通常互生的或对生，通常无托叶。

Leaves alternate or opposite, entire, exstipulate.

叶互生或对生，全缘，无托叶。

Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, exstipulate, margin entire or dentate, venation pinnate or triplinerved.

单叶，互生或对生，无托叶，边缘全缘或具牙齿的，羽状脉或离基三出脉的。

Leaves alternate or opposite, exstipulate, petiolate or sessile; leaf blade flattened, terete, semiterete, or in some species reduced to scales.

叶互生或对生，无托叶，具叶柄或者无柄；叶片平，圆柱状，半圆柱状，或在一些种中退化成鳞片。

Leaves opposite, rarely verticillate, exstipulate; leaf blade simple, margin entire, serrate, or rarely pinnately lobed.

叶对生，很少轮生，无托叶；单叶，边缘全缘，有锯齿，或很少羽状浅裂。

Leaves opposite or rarely alternate, whorled or basal, rosette forming; exstipulate; usually simple, rarely shallowly to deeply lobed, pinnately or rarely palmately veined.

叶对生和很少互生，轮生或莲座状基生；无托叶；通常单叶，很少浅裂到深裂，羽状脉，很少掌状脉。

Leaves alternate, exstipulate, petiolate; leaf blade odd-pinnate, 3-foliolate, or 1-foliolate; leaflets subopposite or alternate, usually leathery, margin entire, rarely lobulate.

叶互生，无托叶，具叶柄；叶片奇数羽状复叶，具3小叶，或单身复叶；小叶近对生或者互生，通常革质，边缘全缘，很少具小裂片。

Flowers small, 2 to many fascicled and axillary, pedicellate or sessile.

灌木或乔木叶互生无托叶花小，2到多数簇生和腋生，有花梗或无梗。

Basal leaves numerous, fasciculate, rosulate; stipules free, brown, linear-lanceolate, margin fimbriate-serrate; petiole 1.5-4 cm, very narrowly winged in upper part; blade ovate or triangular-ovate, 1.3-3.5 × 1-3 cm, both surfaces glabrous to subglabrous or appressed puberulous, with dense brown glandular dots, veins conspicuously raised abaxially, base shallowly cordate or cuneate, margin serrulate, apex ± acute.

基生叶多数，束状，莲座状；托叶离生，棕色，线状披针形，边缘流苏状使成锯齿波；叶柄1.5-4厘米，具狭翅在上半部分；叶片卵形的或三角状心形， 1.3-3.5 * 1-3 厘米，两面无毛到近无毛的或者贴伏被微柔毛，具密的棕色腺点，脉明显在背面突起，基部浅心形或楔形，边缘细锯齿，先端多少锐尖。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。