托叶

Stipules (2-)3-5 mm; petiole 3-5 mm, sulcate adaxially; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 7-15 × 1.5-3 cm, chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, base narrowly cuneate, margin with dense and unequal glandular teeth, apex acuminate; midvein prominent on both surfaces; secondary veins numerous,± parallel; veinlets

托叶(2-)3-5毫米；叶柄3-5毫米，正面具槽；叶片狭披针形的或狭椭圆形， 7-15 * 1.5-3 厘米，纸质的，两面无毛，基部狭楔形，边缘具紧密的和不等长的具腺的齿，先端渐尖；中脉的两面突出；次脉多数，多少平行；细脉

Leaves simple, alternate, sometimes fascicled on short branchlets, conduplicate when young; petiole usually with 2 nectaries or sometimes nectaries at base of leaf blade margin; leaf blade margin often serrate.

有托叶。单叶，交替，有时由短开出的簇生小枝，幼时；叶柄通常具2蜜腺或有时蜜腺在基部的叶片边缘；叶片边缘通常有锯齿。

Leaves simple, stipulate, venation craspedodromous, margin serrate and lobed or partite, rarely entire.

单叶，具托叶，脉序craspedodromous，分裂的边缘有锯齿和浅裂的或，很少全缘。

Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, simple, odd-pinnate, or digitately trifoliolate; blades of simple leaves entire at margin, those of compound leaves crenulate, crenate, lobulate, or rarely entire at margin.

托叶无。叶互生，单，奇数羽状复叶，或者掌状具三小叶；单叶的叶片边缘全缘，复叶的边缘具细圆齿、圆齿，或具小裂片，或者很少边缘全缘。

The problem of taxonomy of every species were carried out research combining with the histological structure, morphology of pollens and the characteristic of embryology; while the relation betweeen Cycadaceae and Stangeriaceae and Zamiaceae were analysed.

结合解剖结构、花粉形态、胚胎学特征等方面的许多性状，对各个种的分类学问题进行了细致的研究；同时对与托叶铁科和泽米铁科的关系等方面也进行了一些分析。

They have decussately arranged simple leaves often bearing elaborate stipules, and flower parts fused, in fours or fives (sometimes including one extra-large, brightly colored sepal), and 4-5 stamens that alternate with the corolla lobes.

单叶交叉轮生，常生有精巧的托叶；花部分合生在一起，4到5基数（有时包括一个特别大而鲜艳的萼片），4到5个雄蕊与花冠裂片交替分布。

Leaves simple, lobed or unlobed, or digitately or pedately compound to 1-3-pinnately compound, alternate, distichous, variously toothed, commonly with multicellular, stalked, caducous spherical structures known as "pearl" glands; stipules 2 or rarely absent, often caducous.

单叶，分裂或者不裂，或者掌状三出复叶或者鸟足状复叶，或1-3回羽状复叶，托叶2或者很少无，通常早落。

Leaves distichous, shortly petiolate; stipules ovate or elliptic, caducous, leaving small scars; leaf blade often oblanceolate, leathery, base cuneate, margin entire or nearly so, venation pinnate, sometimes with 3 basal veins, often glabrescent.

叶2列的，具短叶柄；托叶卵形或椭圆形，早落，留下小的伤痕；倒披针形，革质的叶片通常，基部楔形，有时，边缘全缘或近全缘，羽状脉3基出脉的具，通常。

Leaves apparently alternate, distichous; nanophylls present or absent, opposite to normal leaves; stipules 2; leaf blade 3-veined, one major lateral vein sometimes inserted above the base, or pinnately veined, base asymmetric, margin entire or serrate; cystoliths mostly present, linear or fusiform.

叶表面上互生，2列；微形叶宿存或无，对生于正常的叶；托叶2；叶片3脉，主要的一侧脉高于那些基部，或成羽状脉，基部不对称，边缘全缘或有锯齿；乳状体多数宿存，线或者纺锤形。

Stem nodes swollen. Stipules interpetiolar, sheathing terminal bud, caducous. Leaves simple, opposite or distichous, petiolate; leaf blade leathery, usually glabrous, margin entire, serrulate near apex, or completely serrulate.

茎节膨大。托叶在叶柄间，具顶芽鞘，早落；单叶，相反或，具叶柄；革质的叶片，通常无毛，边缘全缘，有细锯齿近先端，完全有细锯齿的或。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。