手术的

The course aims to introduce the causes, diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of oral and maxillofacial.

通过本课程的学习，使学生掌握口腔颌面部常见疾病的原因、诊断和治疗原则，初步掌握口腔颌面部各类手术的基本操作步骤和方法。

Methods clinical data of 26 patients were retrospectively analyzed, including 15 with atrial septal defect, 10 with ventricular septal defect and one with mitral value replacement and the middle of the right lung resection. the intersection was at the right midaxillary line and the third rib as the upper margin of incision, and that of the midaxillary line and the sixth rib as the lower margin, going through the third or the fourth intercostal space.

回顾分析了26例经右腋下小切口行心内直视手术的临床资料，切口取右腋中线与第3肋的交点为上缘，腋中线与第6肋的交点为下缘，经第 4或第 3肋间入胸，其中房间隔缺损15例、室间隔缺损10例、二尖瓣置换+右肺中叶切除1例。

Perhaps a first-rib resection via the supraclavicular approach is the best option because the neuroplasty can be easily performed as part of the procedure.

也许锁骨上入路是最好的选择，因为神经成形术作为其手术的一部分可以方便的完成。

Different surgical approaches to the sphenoid sinus should be chosen based on the target of the operation; the arcus choanalis, the middle and superior turbinates are invariable orientative landmarks for sphenoid sinus.

根据手术的目的可以选择不同的方法开放蝶窦，中鼻甲、上鼻甲以及后鼻孔弓都是定位蝶窦的恒定标志。

Objective To evaluate a long-term effect on pronunciation and maxillary growth of elder patients with wide isolated cleft palate after bibuccinator myomucosal island flap palatoplasty.

目的 对采用双颊肌黏膜瓣修复的大龄宽大腭裂患者的语音效果和上颌骨发育情况进行分析，评价手术的远期效果。

Methods: Eotaxin protein expression was measured by immunohistochemical techniques in 5 nasal polypous tissue specimens following 30 mg predisone oral doses per day for 7 days, 5 nasal polypous tissue specimens following 10 mg dexamethasone intravenous drops, 5 without any treatment and compared with the results from the inferior turbinate tissue specimens.

随机将15例鼻息肉患者均分为强的松治疗组、地塞米松治疗组和未治疗组，以同期手术的5例鼻中隔偏曲者的下鼻甲黏膜组织作对照，用免疫组化法测定鼻息肉组织中嗜酸细胞趋化因子蛋白的表达。

In this study we quantitatively evaluated, by a stable paralysis/stableinfusion rate method, the difference between two standardizedparalysis levels—train-of-four count of 2 responsesand posttetanic count of 2. Ten ASA physical status I–IIconsenting adult patients scheduled for elective surgery wereanesthetized (sufentanil/propofol), tracheally intubated, mechanicallynormoventilated with a fixed O2/air mixture, and normothermic;oropharynx and thenar temperatures were maintained above 36°and 32.5°C, respectively.

在本研究中我们用稳定肌松/稳定输注速度方法定量地评价了两个标准化肌松水平――四个成串刺激计数为2个反应与强直后计数为2――之间的差异。10例 ASA 分级 I–II 预定行择期手术的已获取同意的成年患者行麻醉、气管插管、用混合 O2/空气正常机械通气，且保持正常体温；口咽和鱼际温度分别维持在36°和32.5°C 以上。

［Objective］To compare the clinical results of different bone graft in the posterior route spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.［Method］A retrospective study was made in 71 case of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,who were operated on with posterior instrumentation of screw-rod fixation system from 2000 to 2005.All of the patients were divided into three groups,autologous bone graft in 21 cases,allogous bone graft in 23 cases, autologous bone mixed allogous bone graft in 27 cases. The fusion rate, the Cobb's angle loss rate of incidence and pseudoarthrosis were compared among the three groups at 3,9,15,36 months follow-up.

［目的］通过不同植骨在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形植骨融合术中的应用比较，探讨其临床应用效果［方法］回顾性分析2000年～2005年行后路钉-棒系统矫形手术的71例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者，其中自体骨移植21例，同异体骨移植23例，自体骨混合同种异体骨移植27例，比较随访第3、9、15、36 月的融合率、Cobb's角丢失率及假关节发生率。

Results :Satisfactory facial appearance was achieved in all the patients . Results showed that the repeatability was 100% when error tolerance was 3.5 mm. If tolerance was set at 2 mm, the repeatability was 97.8%.The biggest difference occurred in ramous area.

结果：5例患者均获得满意的术后形态，在差值分析分析中，设允许误差为2mm，真实术后与虚拟手术的吻合程度为97.8%；设允许误差为3.5mm，两者吻合程度为100%；最大差别产生的区域在双侧升支。

The aim of reconstructive surgery of knee ligaments is to restore stability and normal joint motion.

韧带修复手术的目标是重新建立膝盖的稳定以及保障正常的组织运动。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。