手术前的

Fourty of them were injected with 1.0 mCi of technetium^99 sulfur colloid at preoperation and 2ml methylene blue dye was injected inoperation in subareolar;radioactive SLNs were identified using a hand-held gamma detector probe,all blue stained SLNs were removed during operation.

其中40例病人术前于乳晕下注射1.0mci的锝^99硫化胶体，术中于乳晕下注射亚甲蓝2ml，同时术中用手握式γ-同位素探测仪确认有放射活性的SLN；行手术解剖法解剖分离出蓝染的SLN。

MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 1997 to September 1999, 56 patients with either infertility (36) or scrotal discomfort (20) who underwent subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy were reviewed. All patients were confirmed as having varicocele by pre-operative color flow mapping.

材料与方法：从1997年9月到1999年9月，回顾了五十六个或者不孕（36）或者阴囊不适（20）的患者，接受鼠蹊管下方的显微精索静脉切除手术，所有病人都采用术前彩色血流杜卜勒超音波确定诊断为精索静脉曲张；此外，以Wilcoxon等级测验统计应用於精虫变化的比较。

Methods 3 classes of different grades to be divided into two groups randomly, namely the control group and experiment group. The preoperative preparation (such as the scrubbing, wearing operating coat, degerming, and so on), basic operation and operating synergia were tested, after the CTG and the EPG were taught by the traditional and simulated vascellum means, respectively. And then, compared the variability of the scores.

在外科三基训练中，分别将科技学院3个不同年级的临床医学专业3个班的学生随机分成对照组(control group， CTG)和实验组(experim ental group， EPG)，CTG采用传统教学方法，EPG采用简易模拟血管方法进行教学，三基考核术前准备（刷手、穿手术衣、消毒等）、基本操作和术中配合，比较两组各指标的差异。

We give a detailed views on how to properly and accurately evaluate urethral strictures by imaging, cystourethroscopy and physical examination; and on operation occasion, as to patient selection and the key point of urethroplasty.

本文对尿道狭窄的各种检查，包括影像学、膀胱尿道造影和体检，手术时机和患者的选择，前、后尿道成形术的关键等相关问题作一论述。

Methods A total of 36 patients with advanced renal cancer were definitely diagnosed by IVP, US, CT or MRI examination. A 5F Yashiro catheter was introduced into the femoral artery with Seldinger's technique under local anesthesia, abdominal aortagraphy and renal arteriography in both sides of kidneys were performed routinely to display the blood supplying arteries of tumor, thereafter, renal embolization was performed under superselective catherization for chemotherapeutic embolizing. Then the clinical effect was observed, the amount of blood loss and the operation time were recorded. All these results were compared with that of randomly selected 17 patients before surgical operation with advanced renal cancer admitted during the recent 3 years but without embolization.

36例中晚期肾癌患者，均经临床检查、静脉肾盂造影、B超、CT或MRI检查而确诊；采用Seldinger's技术，局部麻醉下经一侧股动脉穿刺插管，引入5F Yashiro导管，常规行腹主动脉及双肾动脉造影，以显示肿瘤的供血动脉，再将导管超选择插管或尽可能接近肿瘤病灶，进行化疗栓塞，观察其临床改善情况，计算术中失血量及手术时间，并与随机抽取我院近3年所做的17例术前未行肿瘤供血动脉栓塞的肾癌患者进行对照。

Uvulopalatopharyngolasty in combination with radix linguae, corpus linguae and lingual bone operation via the extrocervical approach is effective for solving obstructions in the palatopharygeum and glossopharyngeum planes for severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome induced by hypophyseoma with hypertrophic corpus linguae.

对因为脑垂体瘤舌体肥大所致重症阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的患者，根据实际病情，在术前或术后行悬雍垂腭咽成型术联合颈外进路舌根舌体舌骨手术，解决患者的腭咽和舌咽平面的阻塞问题。

The 34-year-old former England captain "feels fine and is happy" as he recuperates from Monday's operation at a private clinic in southwestern Finland, according to his surgeon .

据他的私人医生讲，本周一，贝克汉姆在芬兰西南部的一家私人诊所里做了手术，现在正处术后恢复期。这位34岁的前英格兰队队长目前&感觉很好，很开心&。

Regulation of the alternation of the postoperative measuring value of the breast and corelative area is the objective designing basement to estimate the postoperative effect and to instruct the clinical routine .

为了掌握隆乳术后乳房及相关部位体表参数的变化规律，借以为手术设计提供依据，预测术后效果，指导临床工作。通过对受术者进行术前、术后乳房及相关部位体表测量，应用GRAFTOOL软件对数据进行分析，获得标准体形及身高与胸围的关系曲线和隆乳术前后经乳头胸围标准参数的变化数值。

Results: 3 cases of gall duct injury, 2 cases of remained cystic duct fistulas, 2 cases of convertion into open surgery due to tear of posterior branch of cystic artery Conclusion: Strict preoperative examination and operation protocol can greatly reduce the complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

结果：胆管损伤3例，胆囊管残端瘘2例，胆囊动脉后支撕脱出血中转开腹止血术2例。结论：严格的术前检查和规范的手术程序可大大减少腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的并发症。

If there were no signs and symptoms of spinal anesthesia or toxic systemic effect, 12ml 3% chloroprocaine hydrochloride or 2% lidocaine were given five minutes later. The onset times of cold free and pain free, the peak block height and it\'s onset time, the recovery times of pain and motor were recorded; vital signs (including BP,HR and SpO2) at the beginning of anesthesia and 5min,10min,15min,20min ,30min later were recorded, as well as the ephedrine consumption, oxytocin consumption, Apgar scores of newborn, satisfactory degree of uterine contraction and side effects.

以第二次给药作为起始时间点，记录麻醉起效时间，痛觉消失时间，最高阻滞平面及时间，痛觉恢复时间，运动恢复时间；评价手术肌松效果；记录麻醉前，麻醉后5min，10min，15min，20min，30min的血压，心率和SpO2；术中麻黄碱用量；新生儿出生1分钟，5分钟，10分钟的Apgar评分；缩宫素用量和子宫收缩情况以及不良事件的发生情况。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。