手术前的

The gallbladder agenesis was classified into 2 types: symptomatic type and asymptomatic type.

术前确诊胆囊缺如非常困难，对这一先天畸形的认识有助于医生对可疑病例的鉴别，从而避免不必要的手术。

Objective To probe into the methods for determination of the anteverted and abducted angel of osteo-acetabula,with positive radiographs of hip joints and significance for the accurate place for the acetabu-la in total hip replacement.

目的探讨在髋关节正位X线片测量骨性髋臼前倾角、外展角的方法及对全髋关节置换手术中髋臼精确安置的指导意义。

Abstractive】 objective to investigate the diagnostic superiorty and therapeutic efficiancy of arthroscopic debridement for the osteoarthritis of the knee.methods 65 cases（74 knee） of senile osteoarthritis of the knee were debrided under arthroscopy with local anesthesia.the procedures included removal of hyperplastic membrance and raw surface of degenerated cartilage,repairing the meniscus,and reshaping of the intercondylar fossa.results 55 cases（67 knee） were followed up for 20 months in average.the pain was relieved and the function of the knee joint was restored in most patients.

目的 探讨关节镜下清理术治疗骨性关节炎的诊断价值及治疗效果。方法对65例（74膝）膝关节骨性关节炎患者采用局麻下行关节清理术，手术清理增生炎性滑膜，清理退变剥脱的软骨及打磨软骨创面，修整损伤半月板，取出关节内游离体、碎骨屑及炎性介质，髁间窝成形术解除撞击及磨损前交叉韧带。结果随诊55例（67膝），随访时间6～42个月，平均20个月，多数患者临床症状消失或者疼痛症状减轻，关节功能明显改善。

A carbohydrate-rich drink enhances insulin action at the time of onset of anaesthesia or surgery by activating three kinases named PTK, PI3K, PKB which are key en zymes in pathway of insulin signal transduction. It is likely to explain the effects on postoperative insulin resistance.

这种富糖溶液可在麻醉或手术开始时就通过相对增强胰岛素信号转导通路上PTK、PI3K、PKB等激酶的活性来增强胰岛素活性，这是术前口服碳水化合物改善术后胰岛素抵抗的可能机理之一。

findings suggest that the following factors as well-anticipated preparation, perfusion of coronary arteries with cold blood vasodilator and tricuspid valvuloplasty can improve heart function.

术前充分准备，术中以冷血停跳液灌注、注意扩血管药物的应用，保持较高的血钾浓度，积极施行三尖瓣功能关闭不全瓣环成形术，对改善手术疗效与晚期效果尤为重要。

Methods Patients with nodules and polyps of the vocal fold were examined and analysed by EGG.EGG waveform of nodules and polyps pre-and post-operation were compared.

用EGG对声带息肉和声带小结患者进行测试和分析，并对手术的患者做了术前术后的对比。

She was helped along by doctor Luis Rubio, who led the team of surgeons, paediatricians and heart specialists which carried out the operation.

塞隆的主治医生路易斯·卢比奥带领着一支包括外科医生、儿科医师以及心脏病专家在内的小组，为塞隆实施了前几次手术。

She was helped along by doctor Luis Rubio, who led the team of surgeons, paediatricians and heart specialists which carried out the operation.

塞隆的主治医生路易斯·比奥带领著一支包括外科医生、科医师以及心脏病专家在内的小组，为塞隆实施了前几次手术。

Foramen magnum decompression is an excellent surgical technique that has no effect on the postoperative cervical ROM and cervical alignment.

枕骨大孔减压术目前已经是一项非常完善的手术技术方法，这种方法对术前颈部活动范围和脊椎的校正不会产生任何影响。

The 23-year-old French midfielder suffered the injury during Tuesday night's pre-season match against Sigma Olomouc and has flown to Strasbourg to undergo surgery.

这位23岁的法国中场于周四晚在与奥林莫斯进行的季前赛中受伤，他已经飞往斯特拉斯堡接受手术治疗。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。