手术前的

The crus breve incudis is an important marker for operation. The anatomical position of PE is constant. The depth of PTC affects the procedure for cochlear implant surgery via mastoid process-facial recess approach. The location of vestibular window and the round window is relatively stable, so the stapes head can be used as a reference for drilling scala tympani.

结论砧骨短脚是手术的重要标志；锥隆起解剖位置恒定；后鼓室的深浅对该进路的人工耳蜗植入手术的难易程度有重要影响；前庭窗与圆窗的位置关系相对稳定，因此镫骨头可作为参照标志来确定鼓阶钻孔的位置。

"We've been able to take very large fibroids (12-14 cm in diameter) out through these small incisions by first morsellating the fibroid with a scalpel before enucleating it," said Dr. Glasser, noting the advantage over laparoscopy, which is not recommended for fibroids greater than 7 cm in diameter."It's a little different approach, but it works very well and it's a hemostatic way of performing a myomectomy," he added.

Glasser医师表示，在清除步骤前，会先以解剖刀捣碎纤维瘤，如此一来，我们可以经由这些小切口来去除很大的纤维瘤(12到14公分的直径)；相较於腹腔镜手术法，这个方法具有较高的效益，因为腹腔镜手术法并不建议用在去除直径大於7公分的纤维瘤；这个方法有一点不同，但是效果很好，而且在进行肌瘤切除时，此法具有很好的止血性。

Summary of Background Data. Hemothorax is a known rare postoperative complication of anterior spinal scoliosis surgery. However, spontaneous HT has never been described as a late complication,in relationship to diaphragm movement over the anterior instrumentation material.

背景数据概要：据我们所知，血胸是前路脊椎侧弯手术的一种很罕见的并发症，然而，自发性HT作为一种迟发性术后并发症还从没有被报道过，这也许与前路内固定物在膈肌表面往返运动有关。

Study on detecting hypermethylation of the related genes in pancreastic juice to diagnose pancreatic diseases INTRODUCTION Pancreatic cancer is still one of the most common malignant cancers to human, and it is the fourth and sixth cause of death in American and Europe, and also the fifth cause of death in Japan, in our country is the tenth cause of death.

胰液中相关基因高甲基化检测在胰腺疾病诊断中的应用研究前言胰腺癌是二十一世纪人类面临的高度恶性肿瘤之一，在北美洲和欧洲分别占癌症死亡原因的第四位和第六位，在日本占第五位，在我国为前10位。90％的胰腺癌患者在诊断后一年内死亡，诊断后平均生存时间为三个月，适合手术者低于15％，手术平均切除病例的术后5年生存率低于4％。

The using of premedication combined with strictly preoperative visiting can effectively inhibit the psychological stress response of surgical patients.

术前用镇静药+术前认真的访视工作能有效抑制病人进入手术房间时的心理应激反应。

The disc was surgically displaced anteriorly, like the lateral pterygoid muscle traction generating human ADD, in one side joint in each of 48 rabbits.

根据翼外肌牵拉产生人类关节盘前移位的原理，应用手术方法使48只大耳白兔一侧关节盘前移位，并保留关节腔与关节盘附着的完整性。

objective the purpose of this study was to summarize our experience of the application of internal rigid fixation with miniplate to treatment of mandibular fractures.methods a retrospective analyisis of clinical data of 67 cases,who had experienced the anatomic reduction and rigid fixation by using miniplate.with the help of maxillomandibular distraction pre operation and post operation and temporary maxillomandibular fixation during operation,the fracture bones were smoothly reduced and fixed.results clinical and radiographic examination showed that all cases gained good clinical results and precise anatomic alignment of fracture postoperatively without infection,malocclusion,bone malunion or other complications.conclusion mocortical miniplate fixation of the mandible is a reliable and effective techinique providing rigid fixation and an ideal modality for the treatment of mandibular fractures.combined with maxillomandibular fixation.

对67例下颌骨骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾总结，所有患者应用小型接骨板行坚固内固定治疗。其中7例颏部骨折，12例颏旁骨折，16例颏孔区骨折，9例体部多发性骨折，5例体部粉碎性骨折；18例合并其他部位骨折。所有患者术前经临床检查和影像学检查明确骨折的位置和骨折线的数目后，分段牙弓夹板结扎、颌间弹性牵引，使移位的骨折段逐渐复位；术中经口内切开复位、细钢丝颌间结扎、小型接骨板坚固内固定；术后行临床检查和影像学复查，必要时颌间弹性牵引7～10 d。结果所有患者手术切口ⅰ期愈合，治疗效果满意；临床检查所有患者牙合关系良好、面部对称；影像学复查证实骨折线对位良好。结论经口内切开小型接骨板坚固内固定辅以颌间固定治疗下颌骨骨折效果可靠，术后并发症少，是一种理想的手术方法。

Group A was administrated with 500 ml of gelatine before anesthesia, Group B was administrated with 500ml of 6 % hydroxyethyl starch, and Group C was administrated with 500ml of lactated Ringer＇s solution.

术前输注6％羟乙基淀粉、聚明胶肽有预防或减轻手术和麻醉导致的细胞因子失调的作用，而输注林格氏液则不能减轻手术和麻醉导致的细胞因子失调。

Three-dimensional CT reconstruction and computer simulation can show more details of mandible structures, and provid reliable preoperative planning, it is more effective method than two-dimensional X-ray photography for Mandibular Angle Reduction

术前三维CT重建可以更全面、更客观地了解患者下颌骨个体化解剖结构的细节；计算机模拟技术能够提供数字化的手术方案；三维模拟与术后图像的比较是对手术效果最直接的评价。

Abstract］ objective to assess the efficacy and safety of transurethral resection of prostatewith plasmakinetic technique and to improve the qualities of pkrp.methods the data of 273 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasiawere retrospectively studied baseing on the mastering of pkrp.the average maximum urinary flow rate,the average residual urinary volumeand the average international prostate symptom score were analysed.results pkrp was successfully performed on 273 patients.intraoperative blood transfusion was performed in 6 cases,no obturator nerve reflex,transurethral resection syndrome,permanent urinary incontinence occurred and no death cases occurred.the follow-up time was 2～26 months with an average of 5.63 months,postoperative average qmax increased to 15.9 ml/s,and ruv decreased to 16.0 ml/s and the average ipss was 9.compared with those of preoperation,the differences were significant.conclusion pkrp has superior tissue cutting function and hemostasis.it is suggested that transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic resection of prostate be effective and safe.

目的 探讨经尿道双极等离子前列腺切除术的安全性与有效性，提高pkrp质量。方法回顾性分析273例良性前列腺增生患者pkrp资料，比较手术前后最大尿流率、膀胱剩余尿量及国际前列腺症状评分。结果 273例手术均顺利完成，术中输血6例，无闭孔神经反射、永久性尿失禁、经尿道电切综合征及死亡病例，随访2～26个月，平均5.63个月，qmax平均增至15.9 ml/s，ruv平均降至16.0 ml，ipss平均9分。与术前相比，各项指标均有明显改善。结论 pkrp具有良好的组织切割功能及可靠的止血作用，治疗bph安全有效。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。