手术前的

In those who had less than 15° improvement in flexion and extension, their average duration from initial injury to operation was 16.9 months, and their pronation and supination was 50°.

肘关节僵硬的发生受多种因素影响松解手术疗效与术前前臂旋转活动度及手术即外伤时间有关。

Cli nical examination and radiography were analysed. Results The avera ge follow up was 13 months. 23 patients with anterior approach obtained good red uction of the height of vertebral bodies and were free from back pain.

结果 平均随诊 13个月，前路手术 2 3例，术后腰痛消失，神经功能按Frankel分级，均有 1～ 3级的改善，椎体高度恢复，无丢失，脊柱融合好；后路手术 37例中，9例骨折复位不满意，残留腰痛和神经功能不全。

Data and method 1.1 average data this group 16 patients, the male 6, female 10, age 32~62 year old, association of anaesthetic doctor of AS classification class of Ⅱ~Ⅲ, tumor is located in adrenal 15, hind peritoneal 1. There is clonic or durative blood pressure to lift before 14 art, 2 do not have afore-mentioned symptoms. The pathology after all case method is checked all diagnose is tumour of chromic cell of be addicted to.

手术和麻醉的风险较大，我院2000年~2007年对16例嗜铬细胞瘤患者实施肿瘤切除手术，现将麻醉处理报告如下。1资料和方法1.1一般资料本组16例患者，男性6例，女性10例，年龄32~62岁，AS分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级，肿瘤位于肾上腺15例，后腹膜1例。14例术前有阵发性或持续性血压升高，2例无上述症状。

The chest circumference decreased in all groups but in the groups of the cartilage fracture and costochondral junction dislocation at the end of operative intervention, and its value in the group of total segment cartilage resection was lower than that of other groups.

结果 （1）胸骨旁切断下位三对肋软骨后2周即出现典型的漏斗胸畸形，4周稳定，其胸部外观和CT表现均与人体漏斗胸较为相似。12只大鼠接受仿Nuss手术，无手术死亡，术毕胸围较术前增加，9只矫形效果满意。

to prevent the occurrence of postoperative acute respiratory failure, improvement preoperative pulmonary function, early withdrawal cigarettes, treatment pulmonary complication and decurtate operation time should be helpful.

术前改善低肺功能、早期戒烟、积极治疗肺部合并症、提高手术技巧，缩短手术时间是预防和减少术后arf发生的重要环节之一。

Methods 58 cases patients needing endocardiac orthoptic surgery were enrolled in this study, they are divided into control group and SFI group randomly. Injecting of SFI 1ml/kg by intravenous before CPB was performed in group SFI, tidal volume, Pmax , Pmean and calculating Crs and RI during 10 min , 30 min , 60 min after the trachea intubating, in the beginning of CPB and during 10min, 60min, 120min after CPB were recorded.

选择临床心内直视手术病人58例，随机分为对照组和SFI组，SFI组于CPB前予SFI 1ml/kg静注，记录气管插管后10、30、60 min，CPB手术开始时，CPB停止后10、60、120min时的潮气量、气道峰值压、平均气道压并肺顺应性和呼吸指数。

Methods: The nose, nasal septum, sphenopalatine artery, anterior region of the aperture of sphenoidal sinus, sphenopalatine artery and adjacent structures of hypophysial fossa were dissected, observed, measured and photographed in different operational angle under the operation microscope by use 15 adult cadaveric heads and 20 adult cranial bones.

用15例(30侧)成人头颅标本及20侧(40侧)成人骨性标本，模拟手术角度，在手术显微镜下对鼻、鼻中隔、蝶窦开口前区、蝶腭动脉及垂体窝周围的结构等进行直接解剖、观察和测量，同时行显微摄像。

The para-orbital soft-tissue expansion technique may be an effective technique for the stability of the corrected interorbital distance in orbital hypertelorism.

颅内外联合径路手术可安全有效的矫正重度先天性眶距增宽症，结合术前眶周软组织扩张可明显提高手术效果。

Objective To realize orthognathic simulation and pre-operative diagnosis and quantitative design of surgical procedures on personal computer.

目的：基于个人计算机实现三维颅颌面硬组织手术模拟，以期能够为颌面颅畸形术前诊断和制定定量化的手术方案提供参考。

In the lower lumbar region, lymphatics are parallel to, and closely intertwined with, the venous system in the prevertebral soft tissues.14 During the anterior approach to the spine, the lymphatics are at risk for disruption because the soft tissues are mobilized from the anterolateral spine.

在下腰区的椎前软组织中，淋巴系统呈穿插样与血管系统平行走行。在脊椎前路手术中，由于软组织来聚集于脊椎前外侧，淋巴系统有损坏的危险。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。