手术前的

Dexotroscope operation planning system can help doctors to analyze the patients＇ image data on a 3-D view and video outlook.

应用该系统可在术前制定精确而详细的手术计划，并可模拟手术经过，提前了解手术的难易程度，同时它也是极其理想的临床培训和教学工具。

Ultrasound,ERCP,MRCP,liver enzyme profile and reoperation confirmed the folowing: Extra-hepatic bile duct or the right hepatic duct was ligated in 9 cases,common bile duct residual stone in 6,partial gallbladder or gallbladder duct stone in 4,biliary leak in 4, cholangitic hepatitis in 4,hepatitis B or posthepatitis cirrhosis in 5,icterus after blood transfusion in 2,hemobilia in 2, ligation of right branch of hepatic artery in 2, and icterus of unknown causes in 5 cases.

经B超，ERCP，MRCP和肝酶谱及再手术等证实：肝外胆管或右肝管结扎9例，胆总管遗漏结石6例，残留胆囊或胆囊管结石4例，胆瘘4例，毛细胆管肝炎4例，乙肝或肝炎后肝硬化5例，输血后黄疸2例，胆道出血2例，肝右动脉结扎2例，不明原因黄疸5例。再手术18例，死亡1例。结论：详细的病史资料、充分的术前检查、细致的手术操作是预防胆囊切除术后黄疸的必要前提。

Although there was not a significant difference in cancellation rate in the operating theater between the patients who had been or had not been evaluated in preanesthetic clinic, there was an improvement of reducing the cancellation rate because of patient's medical problem in the operating theater.

在4.021位已经接受术前访视门诊的患者中，12位患者的手术被取消，主要取消原因是：外科医师取消（50％）、心血管功能不良（33％），及呼吸方面的问题（17％）。在2，478位没有经过术前访视门诊的患者中，7位患者的手术被取消，主要原因在於心血管功能不良（57％）、呼吸方面的问题（29％）及外科医师取消（14％）。

（1） In common cavity malformation, in addition to the abnormal bony labyrinth such as the cochlea, vestibule and lateral semicircular canal, the inner ear perceptive organ such as the saccule, utricle and scala media were also abnormal.（2） Though we could not identify the basal membrane and sensory epithelia under micro-endoscopy, the utricle and saccule could be clearly identified.（3） During cochlear implantation in common cavity malformation, electrode insertion should be monitored under micro-endoscopy, the electrodes should be put close to the anterior wall of the cavity, otherwise the vestibular organ may be damaged.

（1）共同腔畸形极重度聋患者不仅前庭、外半规管和耳蜗的骨性结构形态发生了变化，而且腔内耳蜗中阶与前庭的球囊、椭圆囊的膜迷路结构形态也发生了变化；（2）微窥镜下分辨不出基底膜或听神经细胞的形态结构，可见畸形前庭的球囊、椭圆囊的囊性结构；（3）进行共同腔畸形人工耳蜗植入手术时，应在耳蜗内镜的监视下，将电极摆放到准确位置，尽可能贴近共同腔的前壁，不应损伤前庭器官。

Dynamic respiratory compliance and total respiratory resistance were measured before surgical incision, after sternal closure in the operating room, and after arrival in the intensive care unit. The following data were recorded: age, weight, preoperative pulmonary infiltrates, preoperative mechanical ventilation, evidence of increased PBF before surgery, duration of CPB, duration of aortic cross-clamp, duration of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, use of steroids, and volume of ultrafiltrate removed.

分别在麻醉诱导后、手术结束关胸后和返回ICU后3个时间点测定患儿的肺动态顺应性和全肺阻力，并记录患儿年龄，体重，术前胸片浸润性改变情况，术前机械通气情况，术前肺血流量增高情况，体外循环时间，主动脉阻闭时间，深低温停循环时间和体外循环中超滤量等参数。

Results The rupture of posterior capsule, broken ciliary zonule, prolapse of vitreous during surgery trauma after surgery, type and material of intraocular lens were mainly causes of posterior chamber IOL dislocation. Pupillary dilatation with 1% tropicamide was achieved on 2 of 23eyes, Simple-replace of the IOL was performed succesfully on 10 eyes, anterior IOLs were implanted on 4 eyes, posterior IOLs were implanted on 4 eyes, and the IOL was removed on 3 eye.

结果 手术中后囊膜破裂、悬韧带离断、玻璃体脱出、手术后外伤及人工晶状体的材料和类型是后房型人工晶状体脱位的主要原因。23眼中2眼用1%托吡卡胺扩瞳后自行复位；10眼单纯手术复位成功；4眼更换前房型人工晶状体；4眼更换后房型人工晶状体；3眼取出人工晶状体后未再植入。

RESULTS The total mortality was 42%, with 36.4% in coronary heart disease patients and 64% in non-coronary heart disease patients (P.05). In patients using IABP preoperatively, the mortality was much lower than that in patients using IABP during or postoperatively (0%, 40%, 50% respectively, P.05). After using IABP, homodynamic data improved and dose of cardiovascular drugs decreased significantly.

结果 本组总病死率42%，其中冠心病患者手术死亡率（36%低于非冠心病者的手术死亡率（64%，P.05）；术前应用IABP患者手术死亡率（0%）明显低于术中（40%）和术后（50%）应用IABP的患者（P.05）；IABP辅助后血流动力学指标明显改善，血管活性药物用量减少。

When surgery is indicated after central cord injury in the stable spondylotic spine, it is the overall cervical spinal alignment and the number of levels affected that determine the surgical approach.30 When the spine is lordotic, and particularly when there are multiple levels of compression; a posterior approach, either a laminectomy and fusion or a cervical laminoplasty are recommended approaches.28 If the spine is neutral or slightly kyphotic, then occasionally, after a posterior laminectomy, lordosis may be achieved with intraoperative positioning and maintained with posterior lateral mass fixation and fusion.

当不伴有颈椎不稳的颈椎病并颈髓中心管损伤患者需要手术治疗时，整个颈椎的序列和受累的节段决定了手术入路的选择。颈椎处于前凸状态，尤其是多节段颈髓均有受压时，建议采用后方入路进行全椎板切除融合或颈椎椎板成形术。假如颈椎处于中立位或稍微后凸时，有时通过后方的全椎板切除，术中复位和侧块螺钉固定融合，可以恢复颈椎的前凸。

Good operation stratagems and well skills are the key points to prevent failures and revision operations.

术前完善的手术策略和良好的手术技术是翻修手术的关键。

Methods Using the corneal topography analysis system, changes in topographic parameters and best corrected visual acuity were analyzed before surgery and 3 months after the surgical removal of pterygia in 56 eyes.

对56例(56眼)翼状胬肉行手术切除，分别于术前、术后使用角膜地形图仪进行检测，记录术前、术后第3个月的角膜地形图主要参数、最佳矫正视力，术前和术后以角膜地形图及综合验光仪验光法确定角膜散光情况，并进行统计学分析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。