手术上的

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature with regard to outcome of surgical management for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

目的：回顾关于手术治疗肝门胆管上皮癌结果的文献。

This study is therefore to assess the efficacy of 3-incision (left cervical, right posterolateral thoracic, and upper midline abdominal) subtotal esophagectomy for squamous cell carcinoma in the upper or mid-thoracic esophagus.

本研究旨在比较左颈、右胸、腹正中三切口与左颈、左胸二切口手术治疗食管胸中、上段癌的疗效。

To solve the problem, this animal experimentation was designed as following: The maternal sural nerve as an allograft was connected with the upper trunk of the brachial plexus of the healthy side by end-to-side neurorrhaphy, with-the other stump was sutured with the terminal branches of musculocutaneous nerve of the affected side by end-to-end neurorrhaphy.

为解决以上难题，本实验设计了切取母体腓肠神经作为异体神经移植体，与健侧臂丛上干行端侧吻合，并移位于患侧肌皮神经终末支的手术方法。

Methods:Thirty-one patients were not given any drugs before anesthesia and plasma level of neuropeptide Y was measured with radioimmunoassay.

采用放射免疫分析法测定了31例择期上腹部手术病人胸段硬膜外麻醉前后血浆NPY的含量。

In the latter groups, rats were bled to a mean arterial blood pressure of 40 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) and maintained at this level for 1, 2, 3 hours, respectively. The pressor response of blood pressure and the contractile response of superior mesenteric artery to norepinephrine(NE, 3 μg/kg) were observed after shed blood was reinfused.

第一部分实验用32只大鼠，随机分为手术对照组、1 h低血压组，2 h低血压组和3 h低血压组，每组8只动物；动物经股动脉插管放血至血压40 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)分别维持1、2和3 h，然后回输全部残余失血，观察回输血后1、2和3 h血压和肠系膜上动脉对去甲肾上腺素（NE，3 μg/kg ）的反应性变化。

There were 163 cases who were readmitted and received surgery again for different purposes.

一般资料：我院自1981～1993年手术治疗声门上癌582例，占同期喉癌的63.3%。

Methods select the molars that need root canal re-treatment after pulp mummification, under the microscope in the dental surgery, treatment with ultrasound equipment, and record the change of patients?symptoms, the effect of filling in the course of treatment.

选取临床上干髓术后需要根管再治疗的磨牙，在牙科手术显微镜下，配合超声器械进行治疗，并记录治疗过程中患者症状改变及充填效果。

Because more than half of their patients had a narrow spinal canal on radiograph, they recommended laminoplasty for reision surgery.

因为一半以上的病人在影像学上显示椎管狭窄，他们推荐椎板成形术作为翻修手术。

After thyroid reoperation, 3 cases (2.2%) had recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, 2 cases (1.4%) had partial parathyroid gland injury, 2 cases (1.4%) had superior laryngeal nerve injury, but there were no cases of esophageal injury or postoperative bleeding.

再次手术后新发的喉返神经损伤3例(2.2%)，甲状旁腺部分损伤2例(1.4%)，喉上神经损伤2例(1.4%)；无食管损伤及术后出血。

Surgery is performed through a vertical incision in the upper abdomen, in or just to the left of the midline.

手术是透过垂直切口在上腹部，或只是左侧的中线。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。