手术上的

Dimentional image drawing computation Users operate the Sensable device in simulating surgery, the device transmit the position (the 3-dimension coordinate) to workstation to compute the collision detection. The workstation compute the outside force, distortion, feedback force out of collision detection and the physics model.

三维图形绘制计算用户操作Sensable力反馈设备进行虚拟手术操作，力反馈设备将器械位置传送给高性能图形工作站进行碰撞检测计算；高性能图形工作站根据碰撞检测信息和物理模型进行外力计算、变形计算、反馈力计算，最后根据几何模型进行图形绘制计算，将三维虚拟器官视景显示在屏幕上；图形工作站将解得的反馈力传送给力反馈设备产生反馈力。

Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 14 cases of urinary obstruction among 1090 cases of transplanted kidney in the year 2000-2006, including 9 cases of vesicoureteral anastomotic stricture, 6 of whom received a second vesicoureteral anastomosis, one had infection surrounding the renal graft and ureter end necrosis, two ureteral anastomosis with bladder muscle flap, and one stenostomia aerocyst distention under ureteroscope.

回顾总结2000-2006年我院1090例肾移植患者中的14例移植后上尿路梗阻患者，其中输尿管膀胱吻合口狭窄9例，6例行膀胱输尿管二次吻合手术，1例移植肾周感染输尿管末段坏死采用移植肾近端新鲜存活输尿管与自体输尿管吻合，1例采用膀胱肌瓣代移植输尿管，1例采用输尿管镜下气囊扩张后放置双J管。

Corneas and subbasal nerve fibers were examined by confocal microscopy at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after the operation.

手术患者分别在术后1d、1周、1个月、3个月、6个月时行角膜共焦显微镜检查，比较两组患者术后角膜上皮下神经纤维再生的情况。

Purpose: To compare the regeneration of corneal subbasal nerve fiber bundles after laser in situ kerotomileusis and both-sides LASIK, and to provide objective proof for rationalized clinical operation.

目的：利用共聚焦显微镜观察比较准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(Laser in situ keratomileusis，LASIK)与准分子激光双面角膜磨镶术(Both-sides LASIK ，BSL)术后角膜上皮下神经纤维的再生情况，为临床合理化手术提供客观依据。

Methods PICC was performed in 33 patients while subclavicular vein insertion in 30 patients for comparison in order to analyse prospectively the advantages and disadvanges of PICC .

方法分别对33例和30例腹部恶性肿瘤围手术期患者，随机应用了经肘部静脉穿刺置入PICC导管和经锁骨下静脉穿刺上腔静脉置管，实施胃肠外营养，比较两种导管的优劣。

Methods: Using LSAB-immunohistochemical technique, the expression of E-cd and EGFR proteins were investigated in 54 cases of human supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma.

用LSAB免疫组化法，检测了54例声门上型鳞状细胞癌手术切除标本E-cd和EGFR的表达。

Objective: To sum up the nursing experience of hyperplasia prostatectomy through suprapubic.

目的：总结耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术围手术期护理的作用和重要性。

Objective To study the surgical effect of opening a direct channel of three-cavity catheter in suprapubic prostatectomy.

目的 探讨在耻骨上经膀胱前列腺术中开放三腔气囊导尿管直接通道后的手术效果。

Result: All 38 cases were cured after caring thoroughly during hyperplasia prostatectomy through suprapubic.

结果：耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术围手术期，通过精心的护理，38例患者全部痊愈出院。

38 cases with hyperplasia prostatectomy through suprapubic were irrigated bladder and cared thoroughly.

对我院38例前列腺增生的老年患者行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术，围手术期实施术前精心细致护理和术后膀胱冲洗及其它有效辅助护理。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。