手术上的

The last and oldest option is PRK, which is performed on an outpatient basis with local anaesthesia.

最后和最古老的办法是手术，这是上执行门诊的基础上与局部麻醉。

Results There were fetal type in 12 cases, embryonal type in 7 cases, anaplasia type in 3 and mixed type in 2. The cytoplasmic postive expression of CK, AFP, S-100 protein and Vimentin of epithelial tumor cells were found in 14, 10, 9 and 6 cases respectively. Positive staining of CEA, P53 and P16 of nuclei of epithelial tumor cells were found in 11, 9 and 7 cases respectively.Among the 12 cases who underwent surgical excision, 8 patients with fetal type survived over 5 years. Conclusions This study suggests that immunoreaction of hepatoblastomas are different in the histological subtypes.

结果 胎儿型12例，胚胎型7例，间变型3例和上皮间叶混合型2例；细胞角蛋白、甲胎蛋白、S-100蛋白和波形蛋白在肿瘤上皮细胞浆的表达分别为14例、10例、9例和6例，癌胚抗原、P53和P16蛋白在细胞核中的表达分别是11例、9例和7例；手术切除肿瘤12例中8例生存期超过5年者均为胎儿型。

In addition, the principle of treating calculi on both sides of the upper urinary tract, acute anuria, stag-horn calculi , replacement of the ureter with ileum, perinephric abscess formed on the basis of urinary obstruction by the calculi , excretion of calculi by treatment with medicinal herbs and other proble...

本文报告双侧上尿路结石40例，对其临床情况、手术措施、治疗效果及并发症等均作了阐述和分析；对双侧上尿路结石处理原则、急性尿闭、鹿角状结石、肾部分切除、回肠代输尿管、由于结石梗阻而形成的肾周围脓肿、中药排石等问题作了较充分的讨论。

AIM: To observe and evaluate the effect and possibility of operation of strengthening levator palpebrae muscle to treat senile aponeurosis blepharoptosis.

目的：观察和评价利用加强提上睑肌力量的手术方式治疗老年腱膜性上睑下垂的效果及可行性。

objective to compare cubitus varus or eversion ratio after operation or nonoperation treatment applied in children supracondylar humerus fracture,to explore the better therapy,to this kind of fracture.methods analysed 187 cases cured during feb.1988 and may 2003 retrospectively.

目的 通过对小儿肱骨髁上骨折采用手术与非手术治疗出现肘内翻的概率比较，探讨该类骨折治疗方式的选择。方法回顾性分析从1988年2月～2003年5月间治疗187例肱骨髁上骨折，其中得以回访143例。

With the patient prone and the elbow flexed 90 degrees over a support and the forearm dependent, begin a curved skin incision over the center of the posterior surface of the arm at the proximal limit of the triceps tendon, extend it distally to the posterior aspect of the lateral epicondyle, and then farther distally and medially to the posterior border of the ulna, 4 cm distal to the tip of the olecranon Fig.

手术方法：病人俯卧，屈肘90°，置于支架上，前臂下垂。在上臂后侧中央作弧形切口，起自肱三头肌腱上极，向远端延至肱骨外上髁的后侧，向内向下转至尺骨后缘的内侧，止于鹰嘴远端4cm处(图1－105A)。

The main reason was motive dysfunction of gastric remnant and jejunum that might be related with injury of autonomic...

结论残胃和空肠上段的正常运动功能障碍是主要病因，可能与手术造成支配胃和空肠上段的自主神经损伤有关。

Results The bulging of the upper border of the pituitary gland and the shifting position of the pituitary stalk observed in the intensified MRI are the pathognomonic signs for the diagnosis of micropituitary adenoma. THe operation was stopped due to hemorrhage in one case.

结果 MRI 显示的垂体上缘隆起，垂体柄移位和T2加权上示高信号，这是诊断垂体微腺瘤独有的影像特征。11例中施肿瘤近全切除术10例，因出血终止手术1例。

The optimal entrance point mostly locate at the root of accessoryprocess which adjacent to the mamillary process from L1 to L4, Theadjustable range of entrance points of the 4 segments almost cover theaccessory process, But at L5, The optimal entrance point is much moreoutside away from the accessory process, just at the middle of thetransverse process and the adjustable range of entrance points islimited.

这与钉尾间距的明显变化相一致，手术时应注意调整螺钉钉尖内偏角度观察椎弓根螺钉进钉点发现内外侧螺钉进钉点与内上、外上螺钉进钉点构成接近矩形的梯形区域，最佳进钉点居于内外进钉点中部。L1到L4最佳进钉点位于副突根部靠近乳突处，随着椎体节段下降，进钉点逐渐移向外侧，L1最佳进钉点基本在副突根部骨嵴内侧缘，L2、L3最佳进钉点基本在副突根部骨嵴上，L4最佳进钉点基本在副突根部骨嵴外侧缘。L1到L4可选进钉点范围几乎均包含副突骨嵴。L5最佳进钉点则明显偏外，多数位于副突根部与横突外端连线的中内1／3。

Basing on the setup of animal model of root avulsion of the brachial plexus, we divided the experimental animal into four groups by the operative method: Group A: one end of the maternal nerve graft was connected with the upper trunk of the healthy side by end-to-side neurorrhaphy, and the other end was sutured to the distal stump of musculocutaneous nerve infraclevicularly by end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Goup B: on the healthy side, the operation was the same, the other end was sutured to the distal end of C〓 by end-to-end neurorrhaphy on the affected side. Group C: the maternal nerve graft bridged the phrenic nerve and infraclevicular musculocutaneous nerve of the affected side by end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Group D: the phrenic nerve was sutured to the distal end of C〓 supraclevicularly by end-to-end neurorrhaphy.

在构建了模拟小儿臂丛神经根性撕脱伤的动物模型基础上，将实验动物按手术方式分组如下，A组：母鼠提供的的神经移植体一端与子鼠健侧臂丛上干行端侧吻合，另一端与患侧已切断的锁骨下肌皮神经远端行端端吻合。B组：母鼠提供的的神经移植体一端与子鼠健侧臂丛上干行端侧吻合，另一端与患侧已切断的锁骨上颈〓远端行端端吻合。C组：母鼠提供的的神经移植体桥接于子鼠患侧膈神经与锁骨下肌皮神经之间。D组：子鼠患侧膈神经直接与锁骨上颈〓远端行端端吻合。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。