手术上的

After a mean follow-up of 3 weeks-18 months, the effects were satisfactory. CONCLUSION: Operation of strengthening levator palpabrae muscle is more effective for treating senile aponeurosis blepharoptosis.

采取加强提上睑肌力量的手术方式治疗老年腱膜性上睑下垂，达到了矫正上睑下垂的目的，具有实际临床应用价值。

Methods There were 26 patients(52 eyes) who all have accepted the treatment with resection of the superior obicularis muscle, repair for the aponeurosis of levator muscle and plasty of lateral canthus.

2003年8月～2005年8月共收治26例（52眼）眼睑痉挛的患者，均行上睑轮匝肌大部切除、提上睑肌腱膜修补、外眦成形等局部三联手术治疗。

The surface projection of the lowest branch was located on the line from above two digits.

Jacobs等[3 ](1989)报道了在 10具标本上对手术入路中臀上神经的解剖定位结果。

The techniques of the midface rejuvenation develop with the understanding of the aging appearance and the development of the facial anatomy. The earliest form of rhytidectomy only removed a piece of redundant skin, but failed to achieve significant long-term benefit. To achieve a more durable benefit, numerous adaptations of face-lift techniques are devised, including SMAS face-lift, malar fat elevation and extended supraplastysmal plane face lift. The subperiosteal approach was firstly performed in 1980s. Youthful curve was detailed by Little William in 2000. To obtain the architectural ogee, the approach of volumetric sculpture, also named three-dimensional rejuvenation, was described.

随着整形美容外科医生对面部衰老变化的认识和面部解剖学的发展，中面部年轻化手术也随之发生着演变：最初的面部除皱术只是单纯去除松弛的皮肤，但术后远期效果不理想；为获得更加持久的效果，到20世纪70年代开始了一系列面部提升术，包括：各种SMAS提升术、颧脂肪垫提升术，扩大的颈阔肌上面部提升术；到20世纪80年代后期，学者提出为获得和谐的面部容貌应进行骨膜下面部除皱术；而到21世纪初Little William提出了"青春曲线"的概念，并实施了容量雕刻技术，即三维中面部年轻化手术。

By the United States at the University of Illinois research team led by Pele in the city of Kisumu, Kenya's experiments showed that circumcision had surgery girdling of the men infected with AIDS virus than the risk of not moving foreskin surgery The less 60%.

由美国伊利诺大学的贝利领导的研究小组在肯雅的基苏木市进行的试验显示，接受过包皮环割手术的男性染上艾滋病病毒的风险比没有动包皮手术的人少了60%。

Strut-graft with an appropriate distraction after corpectomy plays an important role not only in regain and maintain the cervical spine lordotic curvatures but also in acquire the global immediate stability of the cervical spine. After single vertebra corpectomy, the proper range of distraction between the superior and inferior vertebra maybe among 4-6 millimeters.

中下颈椎单椎体次全切除减压后，适当高度的撑开植骨对恢复和维持颈椎曲度以及手术节段的即刻稳定性有重要作用，中下颈椎单椎体次全切除减压后支撑植骨的高度应该是在手术椎体的上位和下位椎体间高度的基础上再撑开4～6mm左右。

This study consisted of two sections, the one is about the relationshipe between ear and jaw, the other is about the comprehensive treatment for microtia.

在我国，近年来各地相继开展了耳廓再造手术，晚近又有同期进行中耳成形术的报道，在手术设计方面进展较大，但对小耳畸形和颌面部畸形的关系至今尚未见到有关的研究报道，对第一、二鳃弓综合症缺乏足够的认识，反映在对小耳畸形的治疗上也缺乏全面考虑。

Neuronavigation can offer accurate location and measure . 2. 4 spaces of sellar area could be viewed and controlled satisfied via supraorbital keyhole approach .

结果：1、导航系统的实时定位功能非常好，误差较小，在测量过程中具有良好的持续准确性，本实验颅内的测量结果可靠。2、眶上&锁孔&入路可以通过鞍区常用的四个手术间隙到达靶区进行手术，对Willis环相关血管的显露和操作空间良好。

The gloved hand should not come in contact with the skin before the incision is made. For the extremities, a section of sterile stockinette is drawn proximally over the operative field. Then the stockinette is grasped proximally and distally and cut with scissors to uncover the area of the proposed incision. Its cut edges are pulled apart, and the area is covered by a transparent adhesive-coated material.

带手套的手在切皮之前不许与皮肤接触，肢体手术可应用弹力织物向近端套于手术区表面，然后抓住弹力织物的近端及远端，于木野处用剪刀剪开，将剪开的边缘拉开，在暴露的术野的皮肤上贴无菌的皮肤贴膜。

The gloed hand should not come in contact with the skin before the incision is made. For the extremities, a section of sterile stockinette is drawn proximally oer the operatie field. Then the stockinette is grasped proximally and distally and cut with scissors to uncoer the area of the proposed incision. Its cut edges are pulled apart, and the area is coered by a transparent adhesie-coated material.

带手套的手在切皮之前不许与皮肤接触，肢体手术可应用弹力织物向近端套于手术区表面，然后抓住弹力织物的近端及远端，于木野处用剪刀剪开，将剪开的边缘拉开，在暴露的术野的皮肤上贴无菌的皮肤贴膜。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。