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The aim of this thesis is to synthesize some new chiral quaternary ammonium salts and bis-quaternary ammonium salts from the popular material------Chloramphenicoland abietic acid, and then we used these chiral quaternary ammonium salts in some substitution reactions and addition reactions in order to research their catalytic action and asymmetric induction.

本文利用廉价易得的手性物质——氯霉素和去氢枞酸为初始原料，合成了几种新的季铵盐类手性相转移催化剂，扩大了手性相转移催化剂的来源，并把它们应用于取代反应和加成反应，以探讨其催化机理和不对称诱导效应。

Yields from chiral bisoxazolines (5a) with diethyl oxalate using NaOCH〓 as base for the first time. The structures of chiral multioxazolines and their intermediates, multi (β-hydroxylamide) s, were characterized by 〓H NMR, IR, mass spectra and elemental analysis. The catalytic activities and enantioselectivities of chiral multi (β-hydroxylamide) s (4) and chiral multioxazolines (5～8) were investigated by using acetophenone and β-acetonaphthone as former chiral ketone, KBH〓 or NaBH〓 as reductive reagent in chapter three.

在此基础上，对合成方法作了创新，以羧酸或酯为原料，在无催化剂的条件下与手性α-氨基醇反应，通过回流分水或脱醇的方法，一步反应合成了手性多噁唑啉（5～8），产率为89.2%～98.4%；以手性双噁唑啉（5a）为原料，在NaOCH〓的作用下，与草酸二乙酯反应，首次合成了呋喃类双嗯唑啉（6a），产率为72.9%～75.6%。

Preparation of the lateral chain-4-benzyloxy-3-hydroxy butyronitrile is introduced as the substrate, the REFORMATSKY reaction is performed, then obtains the dicarbonyl ester, in the structure of which containing a chiral hydroxyl group, then performs the chiral reduction, take off the benzyl group after the protection reaction with acetonylidene,then obtains the lateral chain by oxidation.

手性侧链醛的合成：采用-4-苄氧基-3-羟基丁腈作为底物，通过REFORMATSKY反应缩合得到含有手性羟基的二羰物酯，再手性还原，丙酮叉保护后氢解脱苄，最后氧化得到侧链醛。

In this chapter, the MPV reactions catalyzed by alkoxy dysprosium is used to the reduction of prochiral ketones. The chiral alkoxy catalyst was prepared by chiral binaphthol and Dy 〓.

最后还将烷氧基镝催化下的MPV还原反应应用于潜手性酮的不对称还原，利用光学活性的联萘酚制备了手性烷氧基催化剂，结果表明该催化剂可有效地催化潜手性酮的不对称MPV还原。

It was found that the binaphthyl backbone of S configuration was matched to the S, S pyrrolidino group. In this case, the asymmetric allylation product could be obtained in 85. 6% ee.

轴手性是S构型时，和中心手性S，S构型相匹配，它和钯形成的络合物在催化烯丙基取代反应时，取得了比不含中心手性因素的吡咯烷基氮膦配体高得多的对映选择性，可以得到85.6％ee值的产物。

In chapter 1, the background of the development and formation mechanism of chiral supermolecules assembly, chiral mesoporous materials and chiral conducing polymers, have been detailedly elaborated.

第一章中，简单介绍了手性超分子体的发展及其形成机理，综述了手性介孔材料以及手性导电高分子材料的合成、形成机理以及最新研究进展，并对本文工作的背景进行了详细的阐述。

The design of figure and bottoms are mainly referred to standard keyboard. The problem of Ergonomic of standard keyboard is discussed, and the solution is announced. The Ergonomic of hands is based on design rules of Braille display. The new style Braille display is helpful to decrease the angle of ulnar deviation and dorsiflexion, and abstain operators CTD.

点字显示器外型与按键设计主要参考标准键盘，探讨标准键盘人因工程问题且提出解决对策，以手部为最佳之人因工程原则作为点字显示器设计规范，藉此改善操作姿势，减少手部尺偏、背屈角度，进而避免长期操作产生手部的累积性伤害。

Later they found Mark, Peng Jiaxi, a harmonica player; Lu Jiajun, a fretless bass player; Zhong Yufeng, a lute player; and others to help with the album "Getting Dark."

后来他们与口琴手彭嘉锡、贝司手卢家俊、琵琶手钟玉凤合作完成了专辑&临暗&。

Different from the conventional catalyst immobilization methods, the self-supporting strategy utilizes homochiral metal-organic coordination polymers generated by self-assembly of chiral multitopic ligands with metal ions without using any support.

与传统的负载模式不同，手性自负载催化剂通过含双或多官能团的手性配体与金属通过自组装形成一类有机-无机聚合物，因此无需使用任何载体，即能够有效地实现手性催化剂的回收和再利用。

The synthesis of chiral pharmaceuticals is a hot issue of the development in pharmaceutical in the world,asymmetric hydrogenization of which is the successful technology in the chiral synthesis .

手性药物的合成是目前全球药物开发研究的热点，而不对称氢化是手性合成中最成熟的技术。讨论了不对称氢化技术在镇痛类、抗生素类、抗菌类、抗忧郁类以及维生素类等9类手性药物合成中的实际应用

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。