我国

It carries a thorough discussion of the realistic significance and profound influence which caused to the Chinese monetary market of the interest rate swap. The article believes that the interest rate swap will provide a effective way of financing for Our Enterprise, speeds up the development of our commercial banks, meets the demand of interest rate swap on bond market, has positive influence to our interest rate reform. Secondly, this chapter discussed the restriction factor and the countermeasure of interest rate swap from the aspects of money market interest rate index, the fluidity and the market access.

它首先对我国发展利率互换所具有的现实内涵、推出利率互换对中国金融市场产生的深远影响进行了比较深入的探讨，文章认为利率互换可以为我国企业提供了一种有效的融资方式、有利于我国商业银行更好地发展、满足债券市场对利率互换的需求并将进一步促进我国的利率市场化；其次，结合我国的实际情况从利率互换工具本身、交易主体和宏观环境三个方面，探讨了我国开展人民币利率互换后的风险防范问题；最后，本章还从货币市场利率指数问题、流动性问题、市场准入问题等几个方面探讨了我国利率互换市场发展的制约因素及对策。

The purpose of this dissertation lies in perfecting relative laws of administration of medical waste,according to the lawmaking and law system of foreign countries.meanwhile,the notion is provided to consummate relative law system and achieve the purpose of holding in the administration of medical waste,environment protect and human health.this dissertation puts forward first-step conceivableness of perfecting lawmaking and law system concerning the administration to disposal of medical waste.because our country's law system concerning medical waste is too immovable and abstract,this research will make our country's law system of the medical waste more concrete and more definite,which will strengthen the operability in the fulfillment and make the lawmaking spirit embodied.simultaneously it provides legal basis and policy support for the administration to disposal of medical waste.the problem of the administration of medical waste enlarges the difficulties of disposal process.to perfect lawmaking,law-executing,law-supervising.is advantageous to strengthen the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.meanwhile it has theoretic meaning and application value for environment safety and human health.this dissertation is totally divided into four parts.the first part explains the current condition of the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country,which introduces the concept of medical waste,the harm of medical waste,the necessity of administration, current lawmaking condition and present law system of the medical waste.the second part introduces the general situation of lawmaking concerning the administration to disposal of medical waste of the united states,eu,japan and korea.simultaneously it explains the apocalypse of administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.the third part points out the existent law problem of the administration to disposal of medical waste,including lawmaking problem,law enforcement problem and law system problem.the fourth part aims at the relative suggestions to the existent law problems of the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.the suggestions want to raise lawmaking layer,perfect lawmaking contents,strengthens law enforcement,practice the law system of the manufacturer to be responsible for the medical waste.meanwhile,it gives the advice on the punishment-compensation system,the conduct permit system and the risk fund system.

本论文研究的目的在于借鉴国外有关医疗废物在立法、执法、法律制度等方面的经验，完善适合我国医疗废物管理的相关法律，提出我国有关医疗废物管理的立法构想，完善各项相关的法律制度，以达到规范医疗废物管理、保护环境、保护人类健康的目的。本论文为完善我国医疗废物管理的立法、执法和法律制度提出初步设想，由于我国有关医疗废物的法律制度规定得太原则、太抽象，通过本论文研究，使得我国医疗废物法律制度更具体、更明确，增强在实践中的操作性，使立法精神充分得到体现。同时可以为我国医疗废物管理工作提供法理依据和决策支持。我国医疗废物管理体制的问题加大了医疗废物治理的难度，立法、执法、监督等方面的完善有利于加强对我国医疗废物的管理；在保障可持续发展的环境安全和人类健康领域也具有理论意义和应用价值。本文共分为四个部分，第一部分说明了我国目前医疗废物管理的现状，介绍了医疗废物的概念、危害、进行管理的必要性、当前我国医疗废物的立法现状和法律制度现状。第二部分介绍了美国、欧盟、日本、韩国关于医疗废物管理的立法概况及对我国医疗废物管理的启示。第三部分指出了我国医疗废物管理存在的法律问题，包括立法问题、执法问题和法律制度问题。第四部分针对我国医疗废物管理存在的法律问题提出了相应的建议。建议要提高立法层次、完善立法内容、加强执法力度、实行生产者负责分类回收的法律制度、集中处置法律制度、惩罚性赔偿制度、经营许可证制度、环境责任保险制度和风险基金制度。

From the reform and open to the outside world,the civic consciousness in our country has developed fully,but it still can not adapt the current development of the market economy.Especially in the rural area, the civic consciousness of our country's peasants restricts the fast development of rural market economy to a large extent.Consequently,it is a great significance to cultivate the peasants' civic consciousness.This paper discusses some opinions in this field,In detail:The first part starts with the concept of the civilians and the civic consciousness,and mainly discusses what are the civilians and its historical development.Then the paper analyzes the meanings of the civic consciousness and its formation conditions,and based on which analyses the characteristics of the contemporary peasants in our country and its influence on the formation of our country's civic consciousness.At present,the lifestyle of our country's peasants is mainly agricultural.They are the subordinate to the dominant in the field of the political right,possess the low quality in the whole in the cultural aspect and relatively lag behind in the aspect of ideology.All hinder the development of the peasants' civic consciousness,affect the enlargement of the peasants' political participation,and go against the cultivation of the peasants' collective consciousness.

改革开放以来我国公民的公民意识得到了长足的发展，但仍然不能适应当前市场经济的发展，尤其是在农村，我国农民的公民意识在很大程度上制约了农村市场经济的快速发展，因此，培育农民的公民意识具有重要意义，本文即是想在这方面谈谈自己的想法，具体来说：本文的第一部分首先从公民和公民意识的概念入手，主要论述了公民意识的形成及其在我国的历史发展，接着进一步的分析了公民意识的含义及其构成，在此基础上分析了当代我国农民的特点以及其对我国农民公民意识的生成所产生的影响，当前，我国农民在生存方式上，仍以农业为主，在政治权利方面，仍是权势力量的从属者，在文化素质方面，整体素质仍然偏低，思想观念方面还是相对落后的，这些特征在很大程度上阻碍了农民的主体意识的发展，影响了农民政治参与的扩大，不利于农民公共精神的培养。

This paper analyses the homogenous tendency of open-end fund at first,pointing out that unperfect development of market and investors' immature investment opinions is the origin of such phenomena. Secondly,having compared the fund sizes and purchase fee rates of 25 open-end funds in China,conclude that there are problems of diseconomy of scale and indistinctive relativity between fees and achievement in Chinese open-end funds. Then this paper introduces benefit and cost function to analyze the problem of lack of motivation and constrain mechanism towards fund managers because of unreasonable fees in China. Thirdly,this paper analyze funds managers' normal hazards by static game model,and then points out fund managers have serious tunneling behaviors in Chinese open-end fund industry. In the end,this paper analyzes the causes of liquidity risk of open-end fun and the particularity of liquidity risk of open-end fund in China,and concludes that liquidity risk in Chinese open-end fund industry is higher through calculating the rates of share change and comparing the portfolio selections of top 20 open-end funds in China.

本文首先分析了我国目前存在的基金产品同质化现象，指出市场发展的不完善以及投资者投资理念的不成熟是同质化的根源所在；其次对比了我国现有的25只开放式基金的规模和申购费率，得出了我国开放式基金存在着规模效应不明显以及基金业绩与费率相关性不强的问题，并引入效益函数和成本函数分析了由于我国开放式基金费率不合理引发的基金管理者激励约束机制缺失的问题；再次，应用静态博弈模型分析了基金管理人面临的道德风险，指出目前我国开放式基金由于监管机制脆弱而存在着较为严重的管理者利益输送行为；最后，分析了开放式基金流动性风险的形成原因以及我国基金市场流动性风险的特殊性，并通过计算目前我国基金资产规模前20位的开放式基金的份额变动率以及比较它们的投资组合结构，得出了目前我国开放式基金流动性风险偏大的结论。

However, due to the large differences in economic development, social operation model, political system and cultural customs etc., there are many pecularities in China. We can see from the two following aspects: one is our the selection of pension institutions which possesses more character of "institutional dependency", and the determinative role of the evolvement of the pension structure on the choice of pension risk management mode can\'t directly be embodied, but the determinative role of the financial structure on overall the pension structure registers as the restriction of our financial system to the development of our private pension plans; the other one is that the magistral situation and product structure of traditional financial institutions, especially insurers, reflect our financial system is not quick to manage pension risk.

然而，由于我国在经济发展水平、社会运行模式、政治制度体制、社会文化习俗等方面与OECD国家存在较大的差异，我国养老金结构与金融结构的相关性也具有一定的特殊性，这种特殊性体现在两个方面：一是我国公共养老金计划主导的养老金制度选择更具有"制度依赖性"，并不能直接地、自然而然地体现出养老金结构演变对养老风险管理模式的决定作用，而金融结构对养老金整体结构的决定作用则更多地表现为金融系统对我国私营养老金计划发展的掣肘；二是我国传统金融机构特别是人寿保险公司在私营养老金计划中的主导地位和产品结构反映出我国金融体系管理养老风险的整体能力还不理想。

Chapter 4 is a design regarding the Anti-circumvention legislation of China, including the analysis of the necessity and urgency of perfection of our legislation, introduction of the current legislation and practice situation in China, detailed system design respecting our Anti-circumvention legislation in principle, substantive provision and procedure provision on the basis of the specific situation in China as well as the proposals to handle the potential circumvention in the reexport trade from the Separate Customs Territory especially Hongkong to mainland.

第四章主要对我国反规避立法的构建进行了制度设计。分析了完善我国反规避立法的必要性和紧迫性，介绍了当前我国反规避立法及实践的现状；结合我国具体国情就我国反规避立法的原则、实体规定及程序规定各方面对我国的反规避立法进行了具体的制度设计；对通过我国单独关税区主要是香港向内地的转口贸易中可能存在的规避行为的应对提出了建议。

Base on the discussion of the basic subject concerning definition, character, designation, classify, function of the international treaty and it's conclusion, inuring, reservation, revision, comparing the relation of the international treaty and Chinese law, confirming the above status in China law system, the problem of applying with regard to the international treaty including the manner, reasoni

在探讨了国际海事条约的概念、特征、名称、分类、作用及其缔结、生效、保留和修订等基本理论问题的基础上，通过推断比较我国已加入的国际条约与我国国内法的关系，明晰其在我国法律体系中的地位，着重论述了国际海事条约在我国国内的适用问题，包括在我国适用的理由、适用的方式、效力范围、与国内法的冲突等等，归纳总结出国际海事条约在我国适用的显著特征，并在此基础上，提出有关国际海事条约在我国适用问题的立法建议，以期今后国际海事条约在我国得以顺利执行，我国可以更妥善地履行国际海

Secondly,based on the sense of money equilibrium and AO-test technique,this paper recalculates the degree of excess money,and finds that there exits greater degree excess money during 1979 to 2007,but the degree has been dropped greatly since 1990s.

从&超额货币&的内涵来看，其不仅包括执行流通手段职能的货币量，而且还应该包括执行贮藏等各种职能的货币量；第二是采用供求均衡意义上的&超额货币&程度的算法，在变量中引入制度及虚拟经济发展的因素，在方法中采用AO检验法对长期因素做了阶段性划分，并在此基础上运用协整检验法对我国的&超额货币&程度进行了测算，结果发现在1979年-2007年间，我国的确存在着较大规模的超额货币，但是，在20世纪90年代之后，我国的超额货币程度出现了较大幅度的下降；第三是采用阶段分析法对我国超额货币的引致原因进行了实证分析，检验结果显示，货币化、虚拟经济的发展和边际消费倾向的变化都在不同程度上造成了我国超额货币程度发生变化，其中：货币化在1979-1990年间和1991-2007年间对&超额货币&程度的影响方向是相反的，虚拟经济的发展与&超额货币&程度的变动具有反向的影响，货币结构的变化对&超额货币&程度的变动具有正向影响，而居民消费对&超额货币&程度在1979-1990年间无显著影响，但是在1990-2007年间有正向的影响；第四是对&超额货币&程度的变化对我国经济金融的影响进行了理论和实证分析，结果显示：&超额货币&程度的变化对我国的经济增长、物价和汇率的变动都有着较为明显的影响，其中，对物价和汇率的影响是正向的，对经济增长的影响在长短期是不一致的。

Basing on describing the basic knowledge of school management system of Chinese basic education, this article bring forward some new ideas: first, the author dont simply discuss the theories on school management system of school management system of Chinese basic education from perfect situation, but combining the factual condition of school management system of Chinese basic education; second, the article analysis profoundly the problem of School management system of Chinese basic education; third, after discussing the reform mode of Chinese basic education, the author further advance to change the coverall and unchangeable school management system and set up the school management method, which call integral whole two lines.

本文在梳理我国基础教育办学体制的基础之上，也不乏创新之处：一是对我国基础教育办学体制改革的理论阐释不是简单从理想状况去推理，而是结合我国基础教育体制改革的实际进行了系统地说明；二是对我国基础教育体制改革所面临的问题进行了深层次的分析；三是在对我国基础教育办学体制的几种有益的探索进行剖析的基础上，试图探索对我国基础教育体制改革的模式，提出在改革&包揽封闭&的办学体制，构建&一体二线&的办学框架，并希望对我国基础教育改革有所启示。

The first chapter of the thesis topics background analysis, a comprehensive grasp of the relevant literature, in-depth study of the question for laid a solid foundation; Chapter II from the perspective of China"s securities market, in-depth study of the volatility in the securities markets; Chapter III from Marcovitz portfolio theory, the capital asset pricing model and the arbitrage pricing theory systematic comparison, in-depth study of the International Securities Market Association theoretical basis, and then focus on the quantitative study of China"s emerging stock markets and the relevance of the surrounding market; this chapter use GARCH model family, pulse function, VAR model, market-related parameters , a smooth test, cointegration test, Granger causality test methods measure the volatility in the securities markets and the correlation with the degree of peripheral markets; Chapter IV in the face of China"s securities market volatility and market linkages with neighboring under the influence of the Chinese securities market from the current state of development of expounding China"s Permit Certificates of inevitability of the international market, Chinas securities market and to avoid the risk of the corresponding policy recommendations.

第一章系统分析论文的选题背景，全面掌握了相关的文献，为深入研究本问题奠定了坚实的基础；第二章从我国股票市场自身角度出发，深入研究我国股票市场的波动特性；第三章从马科维茨资产组合理论出发，对资本资产定价模型和套利定价理论进行系统比较分析，深入探讨了国际股票市场关联的理论，随后着重定量研究了我国新兴股票市场与周边市场的关联性；本章使用市场相关参数、平稳性检验、协整检验、Granger因果检验等计量方法测度了我国股票市场波动及与周边市场的关联程度；第四章基于我国股票市场波动及与周边市场的关联影响，从我国股票市场目前发展状况出发，阐述了我国股票市场国际化的必然性，并为我国股票市场的风险规避提出了相应的政策建议。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。