成釉

Results It was demonstrated that β-TrCP expressed in oral epithelium, tooth bud, mesenchymal cell cytoplasm of ameloblast and edontoblast of different stage of tooth development.

结果β-TrCP在胚胎10.5、13.5、14.5、16.5、18.5d的小鼠牙胚上皮层与间充质层，以及出生后0、3、6d的小鼠成釉细胞与成牙本质细胞胞浆呈特征性表达。

Results: The expression of both mRNA and protein of c-myc were obvious in the bud and cap stages,while decreased in the bell stage, then increased in ameloblast and dentinoblast when dentin formation. The expressions of c-myc were stronger in mesenchymal cells than in epithelial cells. The expression and distribution of c-myc mRNA is consistent with that of c-myc protein.

结果：c-myc mRNA及蛋白的表达在蕾状和帽状期明显，钟状期减弱，而牙体组织形成期成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞及间充质牙乳头细胞表达又增强。c-myc蛋白表达和分布与c-myc mRNA转录基本一致。

The results suggest that Smad4,one of the intracellular downstream molecules of TGF-β superfamily,and an inductive signal mediating epithelial-mesenchymal interaction,may regulate the differentiation of ameloblast and odontoblast cells,and modulate dentinogenesis and amelogenesis.

结论首次观察到Smad4信号分子在人牙胚发育过程中的表达，Smad4作为TGF-β超家族细胞内信号分子，可能参与上皮间充质的相互作用，同时也参与成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞的分化以及牙釉质和牙本质的形成。

The expression of TRAF6in cultured cell line MDPC-23was determined at protein level,it intimated that TRAF6may be a new found signal factor which participates in the progress of odontoblast development and mineralization.

因此，我们认进一步研究TRAF6在成牙本质细胞和成釉细胞中的表达和功能，揭示TRAF6在牙胚发育和矿化中可能起到哪些重要作用十分必要。

Methods Epithelial cells and fibroblast from ameloblastoma, keratocyst, dentigerous cyst, radicular cyst and oral mucosa were cultured and observed by phase-contrast microscope.

原代体外培养成釉细胞瘤细胞、牙源性角化囊肿、根端囊肿及口腔粘膜的上皮细胞和成纤维细胞，倒置光相差显微镜观察。

The expression of CD44 was strong positive in stratum intermedium at the bell of differetiational stage, bell of secretory stage, and bell of maturative stage of mouse tooth germ.

在钟状期CD44在口腔上皮、牙板上皮强阳性表达；外釉上皮、星网状层、成牙本质细胞弱阳性表达；分泌期的成釉细胞和牙囊阳性表达。

Recent data suggested that Notch receptors and their membrane-bound ligands Delta and Serrate were involved in both patterning and cell fate determination during odontogenesis.

越来越多的证据表明：Notch途径参与了牙齿发育的各个过程，包括牙齿早期发育细胞的增殖、分化过程，决定细胞的定向分化方向，决定成牙本质细胞与成釉细胞的终末分化命运，并且参与牙齿炎症损伤后修复过程，与第三期牙本质的形成有关。

Notch1 is expressed by stem cells resided in the cervical loop epithelium, and Notch signaling pathway play a central role in fate decision of those stem cells. Notch receptors and their ligands are involved in both patterning and cell fate determination during odontogenesis. Moreover, many cell factors, which are closely related with odontogenesis, could regulate expression of Notch receptors or their ligands.

既往研究显示：早在牙齿发育期，Notch1就表达于颈环星网状层的干细胞中，是其保持干细胞性质的重要机制；Notch-Delta信号还与成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞分化有关，被认为是牙齿发育细胞分化多样性的原因之一；另外，目前已明确与牙胚细胞分化有关的生长因子如TGFβ、FGF、BMPs等均可诱导Notch受、配体的表达。

All of those confirmed the odontogenetic ability of adipose-derived stem cells, offered theory and experimental basis for the abundant seed cells in tooth tissue engineering, construct new research model for the micro-environment of the odontogenesis in vitro and vivo.

目的 本研究通过酶消化法分离培养脂肪干细胞，运用牙胚细胞条件培养液体外诱导脂肪干细胞向成牙本质样细胞分化，再将脂肪干细胞与成釉器上皮细胞混合接种入体内建立牙髓-牙本质复合体模型，证实大鼠脂肪干细胞的成牙潜能，为牙齿组织工程化研究获得大量、稳定、可靠的种子细胞提供理论和实验依据；并为体内、外成牙微环境的机理研究构建新的模型。

It inferred that cbfal might play a key role during tooth development especially during the differentiation of odontoblasts and ameloblasts.

表明cbfal参与了牙胚发育过程，尤其是在成牙本质细胞和成釉细胞分化中可能起着重要作用。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。