成矿的

Base on above studies, some conclusions were obtained as follows:(1) ore-forming background of the studied ferromanganese crusts are mainly controlled by intensity of Antarctic Bottom Waters and variations of material source;(2) it is confirmed that the ferromanganese crusts are mainly hydrogenetic and their composition are affected by volcanic and continental material simultaneously; there are no obvious phosphatization reconstruction and element reaction occurred in them, so they have important paleoceanological significance;(3) from researches on element occurrence modes in the new-type ferromanganese crusts and the lying sediments, it is proposed that there is no great biological affection on the crusts formation and their composition mainly came from the adsorptive action of the ferromanganese oxides in them;(4) two major types of ore-controlling factors are identified through compilation of ore-controlling factors, which are geological and oceanic factors;(5) considering the long-term variation trends of the crusts composition, combing the U-series and 10Be isotope dating results, it is proposed that the ore-forming processes of ferromanganese crusts in the studied areas can be divided into three major stages (5.6~2.8 Ma, 2.8~2.7 Ma and since 2.7 Ma), and then the activities of AABW since the Late Miocene, changes of input flux coming from volcanic and continental material are confirmed.

通过研究，得出如下结论：(1)研究区铁锰结壳的成矿背景主要受控于南极底流强弱及物源供给的变化；(2)证实铁锰结壳主要为水成成因，同时其物质组成也受一定程度的火山和陆源物质的影响；结壳自形成以来没有遭受到明显的磷酸盐化等成岩后期改造和元素再迁移，具有重要的古海洋学意义；(3)通过新型铁锰结壳及下伏沉积物元素赋存状态的研究，认为生物作用对研究区结壳的形成并没有很大的直接影响，其物质成分主要来自于结壳中铁锰氧化物的吸附作用；(4)在控矿要素的研究中，归纳出了地质与海洋两大类结壳控矿要素；(5)根据结壳成分长周期变化趋势，结合铀系和10Be测年结果，将研究区结壳的形成过程划分为三个主要阶段(5.6~2.8 Ma，2.8~2.7 Ma和2.7 Ma以来)，并确定了晚中新世以来研究区南极底流的活动情况、火山和大陆来源物质输入量的变化。

Ore deposit, have been studied detailly; the orebody pattern (sedimental bedded ores combined with stringer ores of hydrothermal origin) is also outlined; four metallogenic epoches are devided; the zoning of mineralization (including zones of ores, elements, mineral assemblages and temperature of mineralization) have been depicted; the main types of wall-rock alteration are characterized as propylitization of basic rocks and pyritization-sericitization-silicification of acidic pyroclastic rocks; the origin of ores and seven kinds of main minerals have been studied; and the metamorphism and deformation of orebodies is thought mainly due to the shearing and the intrusion of subvolcanic rocks

研究了七个矿化带特别是I号矿床的矿床地质特征，描绘了矿体的双层结构(沉积矿石与热液充填交代的细网脉状矿石)，划分了四个成矿期次，区分了矿化分带(包括矿石组构的成因分带、元素分带、矿物组合分带、温度分带)，指出了围岩蚀变的主要特征是细碧岩青盘岩化而石英角斑质凝灰岩黄铁绢英岩化；对矿石及七种主要矿石矿物的成因作了研究；探讨了矿体的变质、变形，指出韧性剪切及次火山岩侵入的热力作用和应力作用是导致矿体变质变形的主要原因

The metal elements of the volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposit have two sources, the copper and zinc are derived from rhyolitic magmas whereas the lead are probably related to old sediments overlying the rhyolites.(4) It is suggested here that the volcanic rocks hosting massive sulfide deposit in the north Qilian orogen, which are previously considered as a bimodal suite of Neo-proterozoic to middle Cambrian age in a continental rift, are virtually related to subduction magmatism in Ordovician age, and there might have no continental rift magmatism of Neo-proterozoic to middle Cambrian in the north Qilian.

Th/Ta比高(5.0～11.7)，εNd为较大的负值(-2.6～-8.4)，流纹岩的形成可能是两个端元组分混合的过程、或是上地壳混染的结果，形成在活动陆缘环境；(3)北祁连块状硫化物矿床成矿金属物质具有两种来源，Cu、Zn等来源于流纹岩，而Pb的来源可能与古老沉积物有关；(4)本文认为，前人厘定的北祁连新元古代-中寒武纪赋存块状硫化物矿床的大陆裂谷双峰式火山岩应是与俯冲作用有关的奥陶纪火山岩，说明北祁连可能不存在新元古代-中寒武纪的大陆裂谷活动。

This belt was formed during the Indo-China Stage of intracontinental collision of East Qinling Orogen Belt; 9. Many structural features imply the existence of Wudangshan nappe, which was formed by intracontinental subduction during Indo-China stage; and 10. The evidences of stratigraphy, petrology and structure imply that the collision of the two Paleoplate took place during the last stage of Caledonian, while the intracontinental subduction and the nappe took place during Indo-China stage, and the transcurrent basins took place during Yenshan stage. In the last part of this article, all kinds of favourable mineral forming conditions were analysed.

这条高压变质带是印支期东秦岭造山带陆间碰撞阶段产生的；9、各种构造迹象表明武当山推覆体的存在，它是印支期因陆间俯冲造成的准原地推覆体；10、地层、岩石、构造等各方面的证据表明南北板块的碰撞发生于加里东末期，而海西期至印支期为陆间俯冲和推覆作用阶段，燕山期则是应力松驰和断陷盆地发育的阶段，本文最后对区内各种有利的成矿地质条件作了扼要的分析。

The analysis of lamprophyrespetrology chemistry reveals that it is a series of high potassium- potassium dike rock,it is abandunt in alkali(K2O,Na2O)and has a large reducing capacity.The diagrams of the major-element variation shows that the geochemical compositions-variations of the major oxides have vague general rules of homologous magmatic fractional-crystallization.the pearce diagram of trace elements shows it intensively enriched in LILE,intensively depleted in coherence elements(such as CrNi.et al).

煌斑岩的岩石化学分析表明，乳山地区与金矿成矿相伴生的煌斑岩为高钾质-钾质的碱性脉岩系，富碱(K_2O、Na_2O)，具较强的还原能力(FeO含量均远高于Fe_2O_3含量)，在哈克图解上，主要氧化物的变异规律表现出岩浆分离结晶演化的特点；微量元素的Pearce图呈现强烈的富集LILE，强烈亏损过渡族元素，稀土元素呈向右倾斜的轻稀土富集配分模式，在有关源区性质判别的图解(Cr-Ce／Sr图解和Ce／Yb-Ta／Yb比值图解)上均显示富集地幔源区的性质。

This paper deals with and summarizes the research and importance of ductile shear zones and presents the future direction and aim for the research of the ductile shear zones around the world. Four aspects of studies of the ductile shear zones have been proposed in this paper as follows:(1) The stress environment including the mineral assemblages, deformation, stress-shearing parameters;(2) The major element sequence and activation under condition of stress;(3) The variations of trace elements and REE, their transportation distributions under strong natural deformation as well as variations of mineral crystal parameters, which can also control the element changes during the ductile deformation;(4) The relationship between element migrations, activation and stress, which will present the new evidences for the studies of dynamic diagenesis and mineralization as well as the studies of evolution of ductile shear zones developed in middle and low levels.(5) The analysis of elements and isotopes in mylonites on the micro-scale are crucial for the understanding of component migrations during the mylonization.

对韧性剪切带及其变形岩石的研究现状和研究意义进行系统的综述，提出了未来韧性剪切带及其糜棱岩的研究方向和目标：①系统研究糜棱岩中主要造岩矿物组合及其变形特征，计算剪切变形岩石的应力－应变参数，搞清韧性剪切带所处的应力应变环境；②系统研究韧性剪切带岩石在天然分强剪切应力作用条件下常量元素迁移机制及活化转移的应力排序问题；③系统研究剪切变形作用过程中岩石化学组成的微量和稀土元素变化，讨论强变形条件下岩石中微量元素活化和迁移规律，深入探讨微量元素迁移的动力控制，包括稀土元素配分变化的应力制约以及应变矿物晶格化学变化行为及其对其寄主的变形岩石元素在应变过程中迁移变化的制约和影响；④从理论上探讨天然强剪切应变条件下岩石中组分活化、转移与应力的因果联系，为深入探讨韧性剪切带动力成岩作用提供理论的科学依据，为探讨中、下地壳中韧性剪切带的形成和演化提供科学依据，同时为韧性剪切变形作用条件下成岩、成矿地球化学作用提供理论和实验依据；⑤现代分析技术如激光同位素原位分析以及激光ICP-MASS分析技术对研究变形域内的岩石的元素和同位素的活化迁移规律，对深刻揭示糜棱岩化过程中的元素活化迁移机制提供更高质量的地球化学证据具有重要的作用。

To study the deep faults of crust through geophysics not only provides proofs to further study of basic theories such as the crust evolution and continent formation, but also provides an important guidance to classifying tectonic units, analysing and predicting natural earthquake activities and studying different kinds of mineralisation.

利用地球物理研究地壳的深部构造，不仅为地壳的演化和大陆的形成等基础理论问题的深入研究提供证据，而且对划分大地构造单元、分析和预报天然地震的活动性以及研究各种矿产的成矿规律也具有十分重要的指导意义。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。