成核

Photochemical activity of TiO2 can be reduced through surface coating, which favors to increase dispersiveness, weather resistance and antipulverization.

从理论和实验上研究了TiO2表面包覆的机理和工艺条件，分析了TiO2成膜包覆与成核包覆的动力学控制因素，并提出了 TiO2与包覆物之间的微观结构模型。

The engineering practice of spray pyrolysis in the field of preparing lithium-ion battery cathode material were implemented firstly.

研究表明，在前驱溶液中添加一定量的尿素，经热分解过程在液滴内分解成的OH-和NH4+有利于生成成核晶种，从而有利于实心粒子的形成。

At present,the rate laws and reaction mechanisms of pyrite oxidation,pyrite and chalcopyrite formation,uraninite and magnetite dissolution in aqueous solutions are mainly studied,and it is discovered that (1)oxidation rate of pyrite controlled by surface reaction assume fractional dependence on Fe3+ and O2 molalities in acid solutions;(2)Pyrite cannot nucleate directly from solutions below 300 ℃,it can only form initially through sulfidation of a FeS precursor. The rate equation of reaction between FeS and H2S to form pyrite is of the second order;(3)Chalcopyrite is formed by reactions of pyrrhotite or pyrite with Cu2+,the former proceeds via a series of mediate metastable phases of Cu-Fe sulfide,whereas the rate equation of the latter is apparently of the first order which is controlled by surface reaction;(4)The nonlinear behavior of magnetite dissolution at acid pH can be represented by a shrinking core model coupling with surface reaction and diffusion transport.

目前主要研究了水溶液中黄铁矿氧化、黄铁矿和黄铜矿形成、晶质铀矿和磁铁矿溶解的速率定律和反应机理，发现：(1)酸性溶液中黄铁矿的氧化速率对Fe3+和O2浓度呈分数依赖并受表面反应的控制；(2)低于300 ℃时黄铁矿不能从溶液中直接成核，而需初始地通过FeS先驱物的硫化生成，FeS与H2S反应形成黄铁矿的速率方程为二级；(3)磁黄铁矿或黄铁矿与Cu2+反应均可形成黄铜矿，前者经历了一系列准稳的Cu-Fe硫化物的中间物，后者的速率方程为表观一级并受表面反应的控制；(4)酸性pH时磁铁矿的非线性溶解行为可采用表面反应扩散输运耦合的收缩核模型来描述。

The batch seeded isothermal desupersaturation experiments of SPM in aqueous solution were carried out and the overall crystal growth kinetics parameters were determined by the nonlinear optimization techniques. Assuming that the volume diffusion rate at growth is equal to the mass transfer rate at dissolution under the same conditions, the two-step crystal growth rate parameters can be determined. At the fow supersaturation, the surface integration rate is proportional to relative surface supersaturation.

通过测量螺旋霉素均相成核动力学，获得了表面能的值，估算出表面熵因子的值在1.41～1.56之间，从而可以推断出螺旋霉素晶体生长的表面反应速率同表面相对过饱和度成线性关系，这种生长机理同第四章得到的结果是相吻合的；利用估算的表面熵因子的值，把螺旋霉素晶体看作为简单的立方科瑟尔晶体，根据能量最低原理，对螺旋霉素的晶体生长进行了模拟。

However, the coarsened and less dispersive Ti〓Ni〓 precipitates do not affect the morphology of the R phase and provide the preferred nucleation sites for the martensite, but they prevent the martensite from its auto-catalytic nucleation and growth and, consequently, the martensite develops discontinuously in a clustering nature.

低弥散度的粗片状Ti〓Ni〓相不影响R相的形貌，而且为马氏体相变提供优先形核部位，同时又制约马氏体的自促发成核和生长，以致使马氏体呈群团状的区域式不连续发展。

Maintaining the optimum level chloride ion concentration is beneficial to electrodeposits.

当Cl~-浓度在10～20mg·L~(-1)范围内，成核的晶核数密度达较大，即氯离子的最适宜添加量。

The nucleation processes and the influence of experimental conditions on the current efficiency and surface morphology of aluminum electrodeposits were studied on Al electrodes from 2:1 molar ratio AlCl3/Et3NHCl ionic liquid.

测定了不同摩尔比的AlCl3/Et3NHCl离子液体在不同温度下的电导率，考察了离子液体AlCl3/Et3NHCl摩尔比为2/1中Al电极上铝沉积的晶核成核过程，以及恒电位电解沉积铝的工艺条件对电流效率和沉积铝表面形貌的影响。

The paper has reviewed the latest development and mechanism of carbon nanotubes enhancement of CVD diamond nucleation.

综述了近年来在不同基底上用碳纳米管来增强化学气相沉积金刚石成核的研究进展，并就碳纳米管增强CVD金刚石形核的机制进行了讨论。

Clearly, the larger the number of nucleation sites for a given amount of gold chloride in solution, the smaller will be the final size of each gold particle.

开始出现聚集，这个过程叫做成核现象，形成11个原子构成的中央二十面体金核。

Now it is considered that the formation of cholesterol gallstone must include follow conditions: decompensation of liver, secreting supersaturation hepatobile, broken balance of nucleating proteins with anti-nucleating proteins, and declining of gallbladder motility, which for bile to have enough time to form concretions in the gallbladder.

目前认为胆囊胆固醇结石形成必须具备以下条件：肝脏代谢紊乱，分泌过饱和肝胆汁，促成核因子和抑成核因子之间平衡的破坏及胆囊动力紊乱，使胆汁有充分时间在胆囊内形成结石。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。